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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
Color of Night Light Could Affect Emotions 夜灯的颜色可以影响情绪
Hello again and welcome to As It Is! I’m Steve Ember in Washington.
大家好，欢迎来到因为它是！我是史蒂夫余烬在华盛顿举行。
Medical experts have long talked about the possible health risks of soft drinks. Now new research suggests that children who drink a lot of soda1 could become destructive or violent.
医学专家早就讲过软饮料可能造成健康危害。现在，新的研究表明，孩子谁喝了很多苏打水可能会成为破坏性或暴力。
“We can’t prove that this is a direct cause and effect relationship. Having said that, there are a lot of ingredients in soda, a lot of ingredients that have not been examined in relation to behavior.”
“我们不能证明这是一个直接的因果关系。话虽如此，有很多成分的汽水，很多还没有被审查有关行为的成分。“
We will have more on that story later in the program.
我们将有更多的故事后面的程序。
But first, there have been many studies done on how color affects emotions. One recent study found that some colors people see late at night could have a harmful effect on their emotions. VOA’s Christopher Cruise has more on the study.
但首先，已经有许多研究如何颜色影响情绪做。最近的一项研究发现，某些颜色人看到深夜，可能对自己的情绪产生有害影响。美国之音的克里斯托弗·克鲁斯有更多的研究。
Color of Night Light Could Affect Emotions
夜灯的颜色可以影响情绪
Some colors that people see late at night could cause signs of the condition mental health experts call clinical depression. That was the finding of a study that builds on earlier study findings. They showed that individuals who live or work in low levels of light overnight can develop clinical depression.
一些颜色，人们看到深夜可能会导致病情的心理健康专家呼吁临床抑郁症的迹象。这是一个研究，建立在早先的研究中发现的发现。他们发现，谁居住或工作在光隔夜低点水平个人可以开发临床抑郁症。
Doctors use the words clinical depression to describe a severe form of depression. Signs may include loss of interest or pleasure in most activities, low energy levels and thoughts of death or suicide.
医生使用的话临床抑郁症来形容抑郁症的严重形式。症状可能包括在大多数的活动，低能量水平和死亡或自杀的念头的事物失去兴趣。
In the new study, American investigators2 designed an experiment that exposed hamsters to different colors. The researchers chose hamsters because they are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night.
在新研究中，美国研究人员设计了仓鼠暴露于不同颜色的实验。研究人员选择仓鼠，因为它们是夜行动物，这意味着白天他们睡觉，都在夜间活动。
The animals were separated into four groups. One group of hamsters was kept in the dark during their nighttime period. Another group was placed in front of a blue light. A third group slept in front of a white light, while a fourth was put in front of a red light.
将动物分成4组。一组仓鼠是在他们的夜间期间蒙在鼓里。另一组置于蓝色光的前面。在一个白色的光前面的第三组睡觉，而第四个都装在一个红灯前。
After four weeks, the researchers noted3 how much sugary water the hamsters drank. They found that the more depressed4 animals drank the least amount of water.
4周后，研究人员指出，仓鼠多少糖水喝。他们发现，比较郁闷的动物喝了最少量的水。
Randy Nelson heads the Department of Neuroscience at Ohio State University. He says animals that slept in blue and white light appeared to be the most depressed.
兰迪·纳尔逊率领的神经科学系的俄亥俄州立大学。他说，动物在蓝色和白色光睡觉似乎是最郁闷的。
“What we saw was these animals didn’t show any sleep disruptions at all but they did have mucked up circadian clock genes5 and they did show depressive phenotypes whereas if they were in the dim red light, they did not.”
“我们看到的是这些动物并没有在所有显示任何睡眠中断，但他们却已经打乱了生物钟基因和他们做节目抑郁症的表现型，而如果他们在昏暗的红灯，他们没有这样做。”
Randy Nelson notes that photosensitive cells in the retina have little to do with eyesight. He says these cells send signals to the area of the brain that controls what has been called the natural sleep-wake cycle. He says there is a lot of blue in white light. This explains why the blue light and white light hamsters appeared to be more depressed than the hamsters seeing red light or darkness.
兰迪·纳尔逊指出，感光细胞在视网膜上很少有做视力。他说，这些细胞发出信号，它控制了被称之为自然的睡眠 - 觉醒周期的大脑区域。他说，有很多蓝白色的光。这就解释了为什么蓝光和白光仓鼠似乎比仓鼠看到红灯或暗度比较郁闷。
Mr. Nelson has suggestions for people who work late at night or those who like to stay up late.
尼尔森先生对谁在晚上工作到很晚的人，或那些谁喜欢熬夜的建议。
“My recommendation is if you are just living a typical, mostly active (life) during the day, mostly inactive at night, you want to limit the exposure to TVs, which are quite bluish in the light they give off, and computer screens and things like that. You can get filtered glasses, you can get filters on your computer screen or your eReaders and that sort of thing to put it more in the reddish light.”
“我的建议是，如果你只是生活在一个典型的，大部分是积极的（生活）白天，晚上大多是无效的，要限制暴露于电视，这是很蓝的，他们给关了灯，和电脑屏幕和这样的事情。你可以得到过滤眼镜，就可以得到过滤器在计算机屏幕或电子阅读器和诸如此类的事情上把它更在红色光“。
The report on the effects of light on emotions was published in The Journal of Neuroscience.
光对情绪的影响的报告发表在神经科学杂志。
I’m Christopher Cruise.
我是克里斯托弗·克鲁斯。
You are listening to As It Is, from VOA Learning English. I’m Steve Ember.
您现在收听的，因为它是美国之音学英语。我是史蒂夫灰烬。
A new study has found evidence of aggressive behavior in children who drink four or more servings of soft drinks every day.
一项新的研究发现，过激行为的证据在孩子每天谁喝四份或更多的软饮料。
The mothers of 3,000 five-year-olds took part in the study. Researchers asked the women to keep a record of how many servings of soft drinks their children drank over a two-month period. As Bob Doughty6 reports, the women were also asked to keep records of how the children behaved.
30005岁儿童的母亲在参加了学习。研究人员要求女性，以保持他们的孩子如何汽水多份喝了一两个月的时间记录。正如鲍勃·道蒂报道，女性也被要求保持怎样的孩子表现记录。
Soda Could Cause Aggressive Behavior in Children
苏打可能导致攻击行为的儿童
The researchers found that 43 percent of the boys and girls drank at least one daily serving of soda. Four percent of the youngsters had four or more sodas7 to drink every day.
研究人员发现，43％的男孩和女孩喝苏打水的至少一个每天服。青少年的四成有四个或更多的苏打水每天喝。
Shakira Suglia is with Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health in New York City. She worked on the study with researchers from the University of Vermont and Harvard University School of Public Health. She says they found that children who drank the most soda were more than two times as likely as those who drank no soda to show signs of aggression8.
夏奇拉Suglia是与公共卫生哥伦比亚大学的邮递员学校在纽约市。她曾负责研究与研究人员从佛蒙特州和哈佛大学公共卫生学院的大学。她说，他们发现，孩子谁喝的苏打水大部分是两次以上的可能性是那些谁喝苏打水没有显示侵略的迹象。
“For the children who consumed four or more soft drinks per day, we see an association between aggressive behaviors, attention problems and withdrawn9 behaviors.”
“对于谁消耗每天四个或更多软饮料的孩子，我们看到攻击行为，注意力问题和退缩行为之间的关联。”
The aggressive behaviors included destroying possessions belonging to others, taking part in fights and physically10 attacking people.
该攻击行为包括摧毁属于他人的财产，参与打架和物理攻击的人。
Shakira Suglia says the researchers identified the link after they considered socio-demographic factors like the child’s age and sex. They also considered other possible influences, such as whether the boys and girls were eating sweets or given fruit drinks on a normal day. In addition, the researchers examined parenting styles and other social conditions that might be taking place in the home.
夏奇拉Suglia说，研究人员确定了该链接后，他们认为像孩子的年龄和性别的社会人口因素。他们还考虑其他可能的影响，如是否男孩和女孩在一个正常的一天吃甜食或给予果汁饮料。此外，研究人员检查的教养方式和其他社会条件，可能会发生在家里。
Doctor Suglia says it is not clear why young children who drink a lot of soda have behavior problems.
医生Suglia说，目前尚不清楚为什么年幼的孩子谁喝了很多汽水有行为问题。
“We can’t prove that this is a direct cause and effect relationship. Having said that, there are a lot of ingredients in soda, a lot of ingredients that have not been examined in relation to behavior.”
“我们不能证明这是一个直接的因果关系。话虽如此，有很多成分的汽水，很多还没有被审查有关行为的成分。“
A substance often found in soft drinks is caffeine, which helps to make people feel energized11. Doctor Suglia suggests that caffeine could be causing the five year olds to be more aggressive.
经常在软饮料中发现的物质是咖啡因，它有助于使人们感到精力充沛。医生Suglia表明，咖啡因可能会造成的五岁小孩要更积极。
The research is part of a larger study called the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study. It follows 5,000 poor mothers and their children in 20 American cities.
这项研究是一个更大的研究被称为脆弱的家庭和儿童福利研究的一部分。它遵循5,000贫困母亲及其20个美国城市的孩子。
Earlier studies of young adults have found the highest sugar levels in those who carry weapons and show signs of negative social behavior.
青壮年早先的研究已经发现最高的血糖水平在那些谁携带武器和负面的社会行为迹象。
I’m Bob Doughty.
我叫鲍勃。
And that’s our program for today. For more stories like these, visit our website -- learningenglish.voanews.com. While you are there, click on “Contact Us” and let us know what you would like to hear about on future programs.
这就是我们今天的节目。欲了解更多的故事像这些，请访问我们的网站 - learningenglish.voanews.com。当你在那里，点击“联系我们”，让我们知道您想听到关于未来的计划是什么。
Christopher Cruise returns tomorrow with another As It Is. I’m Steve Ember. Thanks for joining us.
明天克里斯托弗·克鲁斯返回与另一个因为它是。我是史蒂夫灰烬。感谢您加入我们。
收听单词发音 |
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soda
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| n.苏打水；汽水 | |
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investigators
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| n.调查者，审查者( investigator的名词复数 ) | |
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noted
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| adj.著名的，知名的 | |
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depressed
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| adj.沮丧的，抑郁的，不景气的，萧条的 | |
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genes
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| n.基因( gene的名词复数 ) | |
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doughty
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| adj.勇猛的，坚强的 | |
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sodas
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| n.苏打( soda的名词复数 )；碱；苏打水；汽水 | |
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aggression
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| n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害 | |
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withdrawn
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| vt.收回；使退出；vi.撤退，退出 | |
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physically
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| adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律 | |
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energized
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| v.给予…精力，能量( energize的过去式和过去分词 )；使通电 | |
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