疾病跨境感染非洲牲畜

Diseases Jump Borders to Infect African Livestock¹ 疾病跨境感染非洲牲畜

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization is urging farmers to be on guard against transboundary animal diseases. Officials warn that ticks, lice and other pests can spread quickly from one country to the next.

联合国粮农组织督促农民警惕跨境动物疾病。官员警告说，蜱，虱等害虫可以迅速从一个国家传播到另一个国家。

Experts from across Africa say trans-border diseases kill between 10 and 20 percent of the continent’s animals every year. The experts gathered in Cameroon last month to discuss the problem. They suggested large vaccination² and pest eradication³ programs to stop the spread of the diseases.

非洲各地的专家表示，跨境疾病每年导致非洲大陆10%到20%的动物死亡。专家们上个月聚集在喀麦隆讨论这个问题。他们建议采用大规模接种和有害生物根除计划来阻止疾病的传播。

Dr. Taiga is Cameroon’s livestock minister. He does not use a first name. He says pests like nose bot flies and wool maggots are harming animals in some communities in his country.

塔伊加（Taiga）博士是喀麦隆畜牧部部长。他没有姓氏。他说，像马鼻蝇和肉蝇蛆正在危害喀麦隆一些社区的动物。

Dr. Taiga says all animals in an area must be killed if one animal is affected⁴ because the diseases are contagious⁵. They spread quickly from animal to animal. He says that is why the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the World Organization for Animal Health are working together to destroy the diseases. He says that when central African countries succeed in killing⁶ the pests, their human populations will enjoy better quality protein.

塔伊加博士表示，如果有动物感染，该地区所有动物都必须被杀死，因为这些疾病是传染性的，它们能从一种动物迅速传播到另一种动物。他说，这就是为什么粮农组织和世界动物卫生组织正在共同努力消灭这些疾病。他说，当中非国家成功消灭害虫，这里的人们就能享受到更优质的蛋白质。

Sebastien Mongomo is an animal pest expert from Equatorial Guinea. He told the conference that diseases caused by pests have killed at least 10 percent of the sheep and goats in his country this year.

塞巴斯蒂安·蒙戈莫（Sebastien Mongomo）是赤道几内亚的动物病虫害专家。他在会上表示，虫害导致的疾病今年已经导致赤道几内亚至少10%的绵羊和山羊死亡。

Dr. Mongomo says the borders between Cameroon, Gabon and Equatorial Guinea are largely unguarded. He notes it is difficult to control the movement of animals.

蒙戈莫博士表示，喀麦隆、加蓬和赤道几内亚之间的边境几乎无人看守。他指出，这很难控制动物的流动。

Pests can spread diseases and also cause health problems known as secondary infections. Some infections cause the animals to become very tired. They may not eat. Then they die.

害虫可以传播疾病，还能导致继发性感染这类健康问题。有些感染会让动物变得非常疲惫，它们可能不进食然后死亡。

Dr. Felix Njemi is an animal health officer at the FAO. He says the large number of animal deaths is worsening the food crisis in Africa, especially in countries south of the Sahara.

菲利克斯（Felix Njemi）博士是粮农组织的一位动物卫生官员。他说，大量动物死亡正在加速非洲，特别是撒哈拉以南非洲地区的粮食危机。

“The strategy is the large vaccination at the country level. Undertake surveillance to detect any case of the disease and strengthen collaboration⁷ between member nations and even between international institutions. Imagine somebody who has 10 animals and loses eight. The disease can have impact in food security.”

“应对战略则是在国家层面开展大规模疫苗接种，开展监测以发现疾病，并加强成员国甚至是国际机构之间的合作。想像一下有人有10头动物，然后死了8头。这种疾病会影响粮食安全。”

Many poor people in African countries depend on goats and sheep for their livelihoods⁹. The FAO says people become vulnerable to famine when pests attack and kill their animals.  

非洲国家的很多穷人以山羊和绵羊为生。粮农组织表示，当害虫袭击并杀死他们的动物时，人们就很容易受到饥荒伤害。

Words in This Story

transboundary -- n. crossing borders or the line separating countries

pest – n. an animal or insect that causes problems for people especially by damaging crops or animals

eradication – n. the complete removal of something; the elimination¹⁰ or destruction of something harmful

contagious – adj. able to be passed from one person or animal to another by touching¹¹

strategy – n. a careful plan or method for achieving a particular goal usually over a long period of time

undertake – v. to begin or attempt (something)

surveillance – n. the act of carefully watching or observing someone or something

detect – v. to discover or notice the presence of (something that is hidden or hard to see)

collaboration – n. the act of working with another person or group in order to achieve or do something

livelihood⁸ – n. a way of earning money in order to live

vulnerable – adj. open to attack, harm or damage; (usually + to)

famine – n. a situation in which many people do not have enough food to eat

1 livestock   

n.家畜，牲畜

参考例句：

• Both men and livestock are flourishing.人畜两旺。
• The heavy rains and flooding killed scores of livestock.暴雨和大水淹死了许多牲口。

2 vaccination   

n.接种疫苗，种痘

参考例句：

• Vaccination is a preventive against smallpox.种痘是预防天花的方法。
• Doctors suggest getting a tetanus vaccination every ten years.医生建议每十年注射一次破伤风疫苗。

3 eradication   

n.根除

参考例句：

• The eradication of an established infestation is not easy. 根除昆虫蔓延是不容易的。
• This is often required for intelligent control and eradication. 这经常需要灵巧的控制与消除。

4 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

5 contagious   

adj.传染性的，有感染力的

参考例句：

• It's a highly contagious infection.这种病极易传染。
• He's got a contagious laugh.他的笑富有感染力。

6 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

7 collaboration   

n.合作，协作；勾结

参考例句：

• The two companies are working in close collaboration each other.这两家公司密切合作。
• He was shot for collaboration with the enemy.他因通敌而被枪毙了。

8 livelihood   

n.生计，谋生之道

参考例句：

• Appropriate arrangements will be made for their work and livelihood.他们的工作和生活会得到妥善安排。
• My father gained a bare livelihood of family by his own hands.父亲靠自己的双手勉强维持家计。

9 livelihoods   

生计，谋生之道( livelihood的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• First came the earliest individualistic pioneers who depended on hunting and fishing for their livelihoods. 走在最前面的是早期的个人主义先驱者，他们靠狩猎捕鱼为生。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
• With little influence over policies, their traditional livelihoods are threatened. 因为马赛族人对政策的影响力太小，他们的传统生计受到了威胁。

10 elimination   

n.排除，消除，消灭

参考例句：

• Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
• I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。

11 touching   

adj.动人的，使人感伤的

参考例句：

• It was a touching sight.这是一幅动人的景象。
• His letter was touching.他的信很感人。