VOA慢速英语2016--哈佛大学欲限制男性社团

Harvard Tries To Reduce Exclusive Clubs 哈佛大学欲限制男性社团

U.S. President Theodore Roosevelt was a member of the exclusive Porcellian Club. Franklin Roosevelt was a member of the Fly Club. John F. Kennedy was a Spee.

Eduardo Saverin, who helped start Facebook, was a member of another club, called the Phoenix-SK Club.

Those are four clubs based near Harvard University that have a male-only membership. They are called Final Clubs. The clubs are not part of the university, but all of their members are students.

A 1965 story from The Crimson¹, the university’s student-run newspaper, says the Porcellian club started in 1791 when a group of students got together to have a good meal. They thought it would be a good idea to do it on a regular basis, and the club was born. The others started in the 1800s.

There are also Final Clubs that admit only women and the traditional fraternities and sororities that you can find on other college campuses in the U.S.

When a second-year student at Harvard is invited to join one of these clubs, it is a big deal. The same 1965 story from The Crimson says rejection² from the Porcellian Club was one of the biggest set-backs of Franklin Roosevelt’s life.

These clubs have been a traditional part of life at Harvard.

For some wealthy, privileged students at Harvard, an invitation from the Porcellian or Fly might be the culmination³ of years of anticipation⁴.

?There have never been many racial or religious minorities in these clubs.

But those clubs and organizations may be in trouble after a series of recommendations by the school’s dean, Rakesh Khurana.

Last week, Khurana wrote a letter to Harvard’s president, Drew Gilpin Faust. He said these clubs encourage discrimination against women and minorities. They keep the university from having an inclusive, welcoming culture.

The university leaders say clubs that discriminate⁵ on gender⁶ are not part of the post-college society, so they should not be a part of a student’s life while in school, either.

Harvard also published a study in March about how to prevent sexual assault. One key point was that Final Clubs, fraternities and sororities cause a “distinctive⁷ problem.”

In her response to Khurana’s letter, Faust said she was concerned “unsupervised social spaces” like these clubs can present opportunities for bad sexual conduct and alcohol abuse.

In his message to students, Khurana also called the practice of restricting the gender of club members “anachronistic,” which means old-fashioned.

Faust says the make-up of the student body at Harvard has evolved to include women, minorities, international students and students who are not wealthy. But some parts of campus culture remain stuck in the past.

While the university cannot force the clubs to close or become more inclusive, it can limit the kind of influence that club members have on student life at Harvard.

For example, organizations like sports teams that receive funding from the university will not be allowed to have club members serve as captains or leaders of the teams.

Also, students who are members of these clubs will not be allowed to receive recommendations from professors if they are applying for Rhodes and Marshall scholarships.

Rhodes and Marshall scholarships are awarded to some of the best university students in the United States. The Rhodes scholarship winners go on to attend Oxford⁸ University in England. Marshall scholars win the chance to pursue a graduate degree at any university in England.

The new rules take effect in about one year. Students who begin their studies at Harvard in the 2017-2018 school year will have to follow those rules.

The university is taking steps to limit the appeal of these clubs. One way it hopes to do that is by sponsoring more on-campus social events.

Some students are unhappy with the university’s decision.

Protests are coming from an unexpected group of students: women.

A local radio station says a group of women students protested the school’s decision this week.

They say it is important for the university to embrace women-only organizations. One student says “on [a] campus and in a society that is so male-dominated, female spaces are crucial sources of empowerment.”

Other students are concerned that if the university makes it difficult for students to be both in the clubs and active in student events, the clubs will become more secretive than ever.

But the university says its students will make good decisions and consider how joining these clubs might affect their futures⁹.

Khurana says he thinks Harvard students are “straightforward, honest people … who have a clear understanding of what Harvard’s values are and what it means to be a member of this community.”

Words in This Story

empower – v. to give power or authority to a person or group

anachronism – n. something out of place in time, or of a different time

distinctive – adj. having a quality or characteristic that makes a person or thing different from others

anticipate – v. to expect or look forward to something happening (with pleasure)

privileged – adj. having special rights or advantages that most people do not have

fraternity and sorority – n. an organization of students at a U.S. college – fraternities accept men, sororities are for women

club – n. a group of people who meet to participate in an activity

dean – n. a person who is in charge of one of the parts of a university (such as a college or school)

gender – n. the state of being male or female

encourage – v. to make (something) more appealing or more likely to happen

1 crimson   

n./adj.深(绯)红色(的)；vi.脸变绯红色

参考例句：

• She went crimson with embarrassment.她羞得满脸通红。
• Maple leaves have turned crimson.枫叶已经红了。

2 rejection   

n.拒绝，被拒，抛弃，被弃

参考例句：

• He decided not to approach her for fear of rejection.他因怕遭拒绝决定不再去找她。
• The rejection plunged her into the dark depths of despair.遭到拒绝使她陷入了绝望的深渊。

3 culmination   

n.顶点；最高潮

参考例句：

• The space race reached its culmination in the first moon walk.太空竞争以第一次在月球行走而达到顶峰。
• It may truly be regarded as the culmination of classical Greek geometry.这确实可以看成是古典希腊几何的登峰造级之作。

4 anticipation   

n.预期，预料，期望

参考例句：

• We waited at the station in anticipation of her arrival.我们在车站等着，期待她的到来。
• The animals grew restless as if in anticipation of an earthquake.各种动物都变得焦躁不安，像是感到了地震即将发生。

5 discriminate   

v.区别，辨别，区分；有区别地对待

参考例句：

• You must learn to discriminate between facts and opinions.你必须学会把事实和看法区分出来。
• They can discriminate hundreds of colours.他们能分辨上百种颜色。

6 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

7 distinctive   

adj.特别的，有特色的，与众不同的

参考例句：

• She has a very distinctive way of walking.她走路的样子与别人很不相同。
• This bird has several distinctive features.这个鸟具有几种突出的特征。

8 Oxford   

n.牛津（英国城市）

参考例句：

• At present he has become a Professor of Chemistry at Oxford.他现在已是牛津大学的化学教授了。
• This is where the road to Oxford joins the road to London.这是去牛津的路与去伦敦的路的汇合处。

9 futures   

n.期货，期货交易

参考例句：

• He continued his operations in cotton futures.他继续进行棉花期货交易。
• Cotton futures are selling at high prices.棉花期货交易的卖价是很高的。