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Two Scientists Win Nobel Medicine Prize for Cancer Discoveries
Two scientists have won the Nobel Prize in medicine for research leading to new successful cancer treatments.
两位科学家获得了诺贝尔医学奖，因为他们的研究成功导致了新的癌症疗法。
Nobel officials announced in Sweden Monday American James Allison and Japan’s Tasuku Honjo were winners of the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology1 or Medicine. They will share a $1-million award that comes with the prize.
诺贝尔奖官员周一在瑞典宣布，美国人詹姆斯·艾利森（James Allison）和日本的本庶佑（Tasuku Honjo）荣获2018年诺贝尔医学奖。他们将会共享这一奖项带来的100万美元奖金。
The two researchers discovered a process that helps a person’s own immune system attack cancer in the body. They have been independently working on the treatment since the 1990s.
这两位研究人员发现了一种帮助人体自身免疫系统攻击体内肿瘤的过程。自上世纪90年代以来，他们就一直自主致力于这种治疗方法。
The process targets proteins that help control the action of T-cells, which destroy foreign agents in the body. These proteins block the T-cells from attacking the body itself. Cancer cells are not wholly foreign, so they are able to avoid T-cell attack.
该过程针对有助于抑制会消灭体内外来因子的T细胞作用的蛋白质。这些蛋白质会阻止T细胞攻击身体自身。癌症细胞并非完全的外来物，所以它们能够躲过T细胞的攻击。
The researchers discovered a way to use drugs to block the proteins from stopping T-cells. It permits them to recognize the cancer cells as foreign and attack them.
研究人员发现了一种使用药物防止蛋白质阻止T细胞的途径，它能让T细胞将癌症细胞识别为外来物并攻击它们。
The discoveries led to greatly improved therapies for skin cancer, as well as cancers of the lung, head, neck, kidney and liver. Such cancers can be hard to treat, and therapies such as chemotherapy and radiation can do damage as well as good.
这些发现大大改善了皮肤癌以及肺癌、头部癌、颈部癌、肾癌和肝癌的治疗方法。这些癌症难以治愈，并且化疗和放疗等治疗方法有利亦有弊。
Revolutionary cancer treatment
革命性的癌症疗法
The new treatments represented “a landmark2 in our fight against cancer,” the Nobel Assembly at Sweden’s Karolinska Institute said in announcing the winners. It said Allison and Honjo's work “revolutionized cancer treatment and has fundamentally changed the way we view how cancer can be managed."
瑞典卡洛琳斯卡研究所在宣布获奖者时表示，这些新的疗法代表着“我们抗击癌症过程中的一个里程碑。”它表示，艾利森和本庶佑的成就彻底“改变了癌症治疗方法，并从根本上改变了我们对癌症治疗的看法。”
Jedd Wolchok is the chief of melanoma and immunotherapy at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York. He spoke3 to the Associated Press. In his words, “an untold4 number of lives... have been saved by the science” the two men discovered and developed.
Jedd Wolchok是纽约史隆凯特琳癌症研究中心黑色素瘤和免疫治疗的负责人。用他的话来说，“无数人的性命已经被这两人发现和研发的科学所拯救。”
Tasuku Honjo, a professor at Japan’s Kyoto University, said winning the prize was “a great honor.” He told the Nobel organization in a telephone interview Monday he was “very pleased to hear what I have done is really meaningful.”
京都大学教授本庶佑称获奖非常荣幸。他在周一的电话采访中对诺贝尔奖组织表示，他很高兴听到自己所做的事情非常有意义。
Honjo said he hopes to keep working on the research in an effort to save more cancer patients.
本庶佑表示，他希望继续进行这项研究，以挽救更多的癌症患者。
James Allison released a statement through the University of Texas’ M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, where he is a professor. “I’m honored and humbled6 to receive this prestigious7 recognition.
艾利森通过他担任教授的德克萨斯大学休斯顿安德森癌症中心发表了一份声明。他说，“获得这一最具威望的奖项，我倍感荣耀和谦卑。”
“I was doing basic science to do basic science, but you know, I had the good opportunity to see it develop into something that actually does people good,” Allison said. “That's gratifying.”
艾利森表示：“我从事基础科学的基础研究，但是你知道，我有机会看到了它发展成为对人们有益的东西，这非常让人满意。”
Other prizes
其它奖项
Nobel officials will announce the physics prize on Tuesday. On Wednesday, they will announce the chemistry prize. And the Nobel Peace Prize will be named on Friday.
诺贝尔奖官员将在周二公布物理奖，周三公布化学奖。
Also in Stockholm Monday, the husband of former Swedish Academy member Katarina Frostenson was found guilty of a rape8 in 2011. A court sentenced Jean-Claude Arnault to a two-year prison term.
同样是在周一的斯德哥尔摩，前瑞典学院委员卡塔琳娜·佛洛斯登松（Katarina Frostenson）的丈夫在2011年的一起强奸案中被判有罪。法院判处了让-克洛德·阿尔诺（Jean-Claude Arnault）两年有期徒刑。
Seventeen other women also have accused him of rape or sexual assault.
还有17位女性指控他强奸或是性侵。
The case caused a crisis in the Swedish Academy. Several Academy members resigned after officials permitted Frostenson, a poet, to remain in her position. Later, she left the Academy also.
该案件在瑞典学院引发了一场危机。在官员允许佛洛斯登松这位诗人留任之后，几位学院委员辞职。后来佛洛斯登松也离开了瑞典学院。
The Swedish Academy canceled this year’s literature prize as a result of the crisis.
由于这一危机，瑞典学院取消了今年的文学奖。
Words in This Story
immune system – n. the cells and tissues in the body that fight against infection
therapy – n. the work of treating illness
landmark – adj. event seen as famous or important in the history of something
fundamentally – adv. relating to the most important or main part of something
humble5 – v. having or showing a modest or low estimate of one’s own importance
prestigious – adj. respected and admired
opportunity – n. situation in which it is possible for a person to do something
gratifying – adj. giving pleasure or satisfaction
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physiology
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| n.生理学，生理机能 | |
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landmark
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| n.陆标，划时代的事，地界标 | |
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spoke
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| n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说 | |
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untold
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| adj.数不清的，无数的 | |
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humble
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| adj.谦卑的，恭顺的；地位低下的；v.降低，贬低 | |
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humbled
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| adj. 卑下的，谦逊的，粗陋的 vt. 使 ... 卑下，贬低 | |
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prestigious
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| adj.有威望的，有声望的，受尊敬的 | |
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rape
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| n.抢夺，掠夺，强奸；vt.掠夺，抢夺，强奸 | |
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weaver
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| n.织布工；编织者 | |
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