VOA慢速英语2018 长期锻炼延缓衰老

Lifetime of Exercise Slows Aging

From VOA Learning English, this is the Health & Lifestyle report.

这里是VOA慢速英语健康生活报道。

If you have been meaning to add more exercise to your daily routine, you may want to start sooner rather than later.

如果你想在日常生活中多花时间锻炼身体，那么最好“宜早不宜迟”。

A 2018 study has found that a lifetime of regular exercise and activity can slow down the aging process.

2018的一项研究发现，长期保持规律的锻炼和运动能够延缓衰老。

Researchers at Britain’s University of Birmingham and King's College London say that getting older should not necessarily mean becoming more weak or sick. Their research shows that a commitment to a life of movement and exercise may help us live not only longer, but also healthier.

英国伯明翰大学和伦敦国王学院的研究人员表示，年龄增长并不一定意味着身体虚弱或多病。他们的研究表明，长期锻炼和运动不仅能让我们长寿，还有助于强身健体。

The study

研究报告

For their study, the researchers looked at two groups.

在研究中，研究人员观察了两组志愿者。

The first group was made up of 125 non-professional cyclists between the ages of 55 to 79. This group included 84 healthy men and 41 healthy women. We will call this group the “cyclists.”

第一组由125位年龄在55岁到79岁之间的非职业自行车骑手组成。这一组包括84位健康男性和41位健康女性。我们将这组称为“骑手队”。

Researchers then found 130 people to make up a second group. Within this group, 75 people were aged¹ 57 to 80. The other 55 were between the ages of 20 and 36. The people in this group were also healthy, but they did not exercise regularly. We will call this group the “non-exercisers.”

随后，研究人员又将另外的130人组成第二组。这一组中有75人的年龄在57到80岁之间；另外55人年龄在20到36岁之间。该组成员的身体也很健康，不过他们没有定期锻炼。我们将这一组称为“不健身队”。

Smokers², heavy drinkers of alcohol and people with other health issues were not included in the study.

研究中没有抽烟、酗酒以及有其它健康问题的人。

Then, researchers gave both groups a series of tests. They tested their muscle mass, muscular strength, percentage of body fat, cholesterol³ levels and the strength of their immune systems. And male participants had their testosterone levels checked.

然后，研究人员为两组人分别做了一系列的测试。他们测试了研究对象的肌肉质量、肌肉力量、体脂含量、胆固醇水平以及免疫系统能力。此外，还检查了男性参与者的睾丸激素水平。

Then the researchers compared the results of the two groups.

然后，研究人员将两组的结果进行比较。

Results showed that the cyclists did not experience body changes usually equated⁴ with a normal aging process. For example, they did not lose muscle mass or strength. Also, their body fat and cholesterol levels did not increase with age.

结果表明，“骑手队”的身体变化比正常的衰老过程缓慢。比如，他们没有失去肌肉质量或力量。此外，他们的体脂含量和胆固醇水平没有随着年龄增长而增加。

The male cyclists’ testosterone levels had also remained high. Researchers say this may mean that they avoided at least one major symptom of male menopause.

男性骑手的睾酮水平也相对高一些。研究人员说，这可能意味着，他们至少避免了男性更年期的一个主要症状。

Surprising find of the study

令人惊讶的发现

The researchers also found something they had not expected. The study showed that the immune systems of the cyclists did not seem to age either. For this, they looked at an organ called the thymus. The thymus makes immune cells called T-cells.

研究人员还发现了一些出乎意料的事情。研究表明，“骑手队”的免疫系统似乎没有衰老迹象。为此，他们检查了研究对象的胸腺。胸腺生成的免疫细胞为“T细胞”（T淋巴细胞）。

The University of Arizona’s biology department explains on its website that T-cells are a type of white blood cell and are made in our bone marrow⁵.

亚利桑那大学生物系在其网站上解释称，T细胞是一种白细胞，来源于骨髓。

As the article says: “There are two types of T-cells in your body: Helper T-cells and Killer⁶ T-cells. Killer T-cells do the work of destroying the infected cells. The Helper T-cells coordinate⁷ the attack.”

正如文章所述：“人体内有两种T细胞：辅助性T细胞和细胞毒性T细胞（又称“杀伤性T细胞”）。杀伤性T细胞会破坏感染的细胞。辅助性T细胞负责调节或协助免疫反应。

Starting at about the age of 20, the thymus of most people starts to get smaller. It also starts to make fewer T-cells.

大部分人的胸腺从20岁左右起开始缩小。T细胞也会随之减少。

However, in this study, the T-cell production by the thymuses of the cyclists had not slowed down with age. They were making as many T-cells as those of a young person.

不过, 在这项研究中, “骑行队”胸腺的T细胞生成并没有因年龄增长而放缓。他们分化的T细胞和年轻人一样多。

Advice for us all

给所有人的建议

Janet Lord is director of the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing at the University of Birmingham. In a press statement, she offers the words of Hippocrates, often called the “father of medicine.”

珍妮特·洛德（Janet Lord）是伯明翰大学炎症与衰老研究所的主任。她在一份新闻声明中引用了素有“医学之父”之称的希波克拉底的名言。

She writes: "Hippocrates in 400 BC said that exercise is man's best medicine, but his message has been lost over time and we are an increasingly sedentary society.”

她写道: "希波克拉底在公元前400说，锻炼是人类最佳的良药，但他的教诲随着时间的推移被人淡忘，在当今社会，“久坐族”愈加流行。

Professor Stephen Harridge is director of the Centre of Human & Aerospace⁸ Physiological⁹ Sciences at King's College London. He addressed the common question of what came first -- the chicken or the egg? In this case, the question became, “Which came first -- the healthy behavior or the good health?"

斯蒂芬·哈里奇（Stephen Harridge）教授是伦敦国王学院人类与航空航天生理学中心的主任。他提到一个常见的问题——“先有鸡还是先有蛋？”。在这项研究中，问题变成了: “先有健康行为还是先有健康体魄呢？”。

When talking about the findings of the study, he said “the cyclists do not exercise because they are healthy, but that they are healthy because they have been exercising" for such a large portion of their lives.

在谈到研究结果时，哈里奇教授表示，“骑手们不是因为身体健康才去运动，而是因为他们大半辈子坚持运动才拥有了健康。”

The researchers advise us all to find an exercise that we like and to make physical activity a priority in our lives.

研究人员建议我们寻找自己喜欢的运动，并且把锻炼当成生活中的头等大事。

They published their findings in Aging Cell. The study is part of ongoing¹⁰ research by the two universities.

研究人员发表了他们关于衰老细胞的发现。这项研究是两所大学正在研究的一部分。

And that’s the Health & Lifestyle report. I’m Anna Matteo.

Words in This Story

commitment – n. a promise to do or give something

cyclist – n. someone who rides a bicycle

participant – n. a person who is involved in an activity or event

testosterone – n. medical : a substance (called a hormone¹¹) that occurs naturally in men and male animals

symptom – n. a change in the body or mind which indicates that a disease is present

male menopause – n. age-related changes in male hormone levels

coordinate – v. to work or cause to work together smoothly¹²

sedentary – adj. not physically¹³ active

chicken-and-egg – adj. used to describe a situation in which it is difficult to tell which of two things happened first

portion– n. a part of a larger amount, area, etc.

priority – n. something that is more important than other things and that needs to be done or dealt with first

1 aged   

adj.年老的，陈年的

参考例句：

• He had put on weight and aged a little.他胖了，也老点了。
• He is aged,but his memory is still good.他已年老，然而记忆力还好。

2 smokers   

吸烟者( smoker的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Many smokers who are chemically addicted to nicotine cannot cut down easily. 许多有尼古丁瘾的抽烟人不容易把烟戒掉。
• Chain smokers don't care about the dangers of smoking. 烟鬼似乎不在乎吸烟带来的种种危害。

3 cholesterol   

n.（U）胆固醇

参考例句：

• There is cholesterol in the cell of body.人体细胞里有胆固醇。
• They are determining the serum-protein and cholesterol levels.他们正在测定血清蛋白和胆固醇的浓度。

4 equated   

adj.换算的v.认为某事物（与另一事物）相等或相仿( equate的过去式和过去分词 )；相当于；等于；把（一事物） 和（另一事物）等同看待

参考例句：

• Production costs for the movie equated to around 30% of income. 这部电影的制作成本相当于收益的30%。
• Politics cannot be equated with art. 政治不能同艺术等同起来。

5 marrow   

n.骨髓；精华；活力

参考例句：

• It was so cold that he felt frozen to the marrow. 天气太冷了，他感到寒冷刺骨。
• He was tired to the marrow of his bones.他真是累得筋疲力尽了。

6 killer   

n.杀人者，杀人犯，杀手，屠杀者

参考例句：

• Heart attacks have become Britain's No.1 killer disease.心脏病已成为英国的头号致命疾病。
• The bulk of the evidence points to him as her killer.大量证据证明是他杀死她的。

7 coordinate   

adj.同等的，协调的；n.同等者；vt.协作，协调

参考例句：

• You must coordinate what you said with what you did.你必须使你的言行一致。
• Maybe we can coordinate the relation of them.或许我们可以调和他们之间的关系。

8 aerospace   

adj.航空的，宇宙航行的

参考例句：

• The world's entire aerospace industry is feeling the chill winds of recession.全世界的航空航天工业都感受到了经济衰退的寒意。
• Edward Murphy was an aerospace engineer for the US Army.爱德华·墨菲是一名美军的航宇工程师。

9 physiological   

adj.生理学的，生理学上的

参考例句：

• He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
• Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。

10 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

11 hormone   

n.荷尔蒙，激素，内分泌

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters.激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。
• This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body.这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。

12 smoothly   

adv.平滑地，顺利地，流利地，流畅地

参考例句：

• The workmen are very cooperative,so the work goes on smoothly.工人们十分合作，所以工作进展顺利。
• Just change one or two words and the sentence will read smoothly.这句话只要动一两个字就顺了。

13 physically   

adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律

参考例句：

• He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
• Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。