VOA慢速英语2018 脸谱网开始为用户可信度评分

Facebook Now Rates Users on Trustworthiness

Facebook is now rating users on how trustworthy they are in identifying and reporting real and false news.

脸谱网现在开始对用户在识别并报告真假新闻方面的可信度进行评分。

The ratings system was first reported by The Washington Post. A Post reporter interviewed Facebook product manager Tessa Lyons, who leads the company’s efforts to fight misinformation.

《华盛顿邮报》最先对这个评分系统进行了报道。《华盛顿邮报》一名记者采访了脸谱网产品经理特萨·里昂，她在脸谱网负责打击误导信息。

Lyons told the newspaper the system was developed and put into place over the past year.

里昂在采访中表示，脸谱网在过去一年开发并落实了这个评分系统。

In January, Facebook announced a similar system to produce ratings for the trustworthiness of news sources. At that time, Facebook founder¹ Mark Zuckerberg said those ratings would be based on information provided by Facebook users.

今年1月，脸谱网公布了一个为新闻来源可信度提供评分的类似系统。当时，脸谱网创始人马克·扎克伯格表示，评分将以脸谱网用户提供的信息为依据。

Zuckerberg said news sources receiving higher trustworthy ratings from the community would be prioritized in the social media service’s News Feed.

扎克伯格表示，从用户那里得到可信度高评分的新闻来源将被优先放到新闻推送中。

The new ratings system is designed to predict how effective a user is at identifying and reporting false news stories. Every user is given a rating between zero and one, the Post reports.

而这个新推出的评分系统旨在预测用户在识别和举报假新闻方面的有效性。据《华盛顿邮报》报道，脸谱网将用从0到1之间的数字标记每名用户的可信度。

Lyons told the newspaper such a system is necessary because some users are incorrectly reporting whether a story is true or false.

里昂对《华盛顿邮报》表示，实行这种评分系统很有必要，因为一些用户会错误地报告新闻的真假。

It’s “not uncommon² for people to tell us something is false simply because they disagree with the premise³ of a story or they’re intentionally⁴ trying to target a particular publisher,” Lyons said.

里昂表示，“人们向我们进行谎报并不罕见，仅仅是因为他们不认同某些内容，或者是为了针对某家出版商。”

As an example, she said a user’s trustworthiness rating would go up if they previously⁵ reported a news story as false, and the story was later confirmed as false by an independent fact checker.

举例来说，如果用户此前举报某条新闻是假新闻，该新闻后来被独立事实核查员证实的确是假新闻，那用户的可信度评分就会上升。

In addition to information from users, Facebook uses machine learning systems to choose stories to be checked for truthfulness⁶. The company has a partnership⁷ with several major news and fact-checking organizations that examine news stories reported as possibly being false.

除了从用户那里获得信息，脸谱网还会用机器学习系统来选择接受可信度核查的新闻。脸谱网已与多家主流媒体和事实核查组织建立合作伙伴关系，这些核查组织将对被举报为假新闻的新闻进行检查。

Lyons noted⁸ that the numbered rating is not the single measure Facebook uses to judge a user’s overall trustworthiness. She said the company also uses other “signals” to rate users, but did not provide further details.

里昂指出，这一评分不是脸谱网用来判断用户总体可信度的唯一标准。她说，脸谱网还会用其他“信号”来为用户评分，不过她并没有进行详细说明。

Efforts to fight misinformation

打击误导信息的努力

In addition to taking steps to fight misinformation, Facebook has also sought to limit efforts by foreign organizations to influence the U.S. political process. Facebook previously found evidence that false accounts created in Russia and other nations were used to try to influence American voters in the 2016 election.

除了采取措施打击误导信息，脸谱网还设法对影响美国政治进程的外国组织的活动进行限制。脸谱网此前发现了俄罗斯和其他国家注册虚假账号的证据，这些虚假账号被用来试图影响美国选民在2016美国总统大选中的投票。

On Tuesday, Facebook said it had identified and removed hundreds of accounts linked to Russia and Iran. It said the accounts were part of separate disinformation campaigns on Facebook.

周二，脸谱网表示他们识别并清除了数百个与俄罗斯和伊朗有关的账号。该公司表示，这些账号在脸谱网上进行了多起造谣行动。

In announcing the findings, Facebook chief Zuckerberg said there was still a lot the company does not know about the operations. However, he described the campaigns as “sophisticated” and well-financed efforts that are likely to continue.

脸谱网总裁扎克伯格在宣布调查结果时表示，脸谱网对这些行动仍有很多不了解的地方。但是，他称这些行动“复杂”且有雄厚资金支持，很可能会继续下去。

“You’re going to see people try to abuse the services in every way possible... including now nation states,” Zuckerberg said.

扎克伯格说，“你们会看到人们试用一切可能的方法去滥用服务，包括现在各国采取的行动。”

Spokesmen for both Iran and Russia denied any state involvement in the activities described by Facebook.

对脸谱网描述的国家干预行动，伊朗和俄罗斯的发言人均予以否认。

This week, American software maker⁹ Microsoft reported it had taken control of several websites created by hackers¹¹ linked to Russia’s government. The company said the websites were made to look like they belonged to the U.S. Senate and conservative research groups. But they were actually false websites created in an effort to gather personal details of users.

本周，美国软件制造商微软表示，该公司已控制了多家与俄罗斯政府有关的黑客创建的网站。微软表示，这些网站表面看起来隶属于美国参议院和保守派研究组织。但实际上这些是用来收集用户个人详细信息的假网站。

Microsoft warned the hacking¹² incidents were further evidence that Russia is expanding its attacks before U.S. congressional elections in November.

微软警告称，这些黑客攻击事件进一步证明，在11月举行美国国会中期选举之前，俄罗斯正在扩大攻击范围。

Words in This Story

prioritize – n. place higher in importance above other things

premise – n. an idea used to support another theory or position

intentionally – adj. on purpose

account – n. an arrangement in which a person uses internet or service of a particular company

sophisticated – adj. a well-organized, advanced way of operating

hacker¹⁰ – n. person who secretly gets access to a computer system in order to get information, cause damage, etc.

1 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

2 uncommon   

adj.罕见的，非凡的，不平常的

参考例句：

• Such attitudes were not at all uncommon thirty years ago.这些看法在30年前很常见。
• Phil has uncommon intelligence.菲尔智力超群。

3 premise   

n.前提；v.提论，预述

参考例句：

• Let me premise my argument with a bit of history.让我引述一些史实作为我立论的前提。
• We can deduce a conclusion from the premise.我们可以从这个前提推出结论。

4 intentionally   

ad.故意地，有意地

参考例句：

• I didn't say it intentionally. 我是无心说的。
• The local authority ruled that he had made himself intentionally homeless and was therefore not entitled to be rehoused. 当地政府裁定他是有意居无定所，因此没有资格再获得提供住房。

5 previously   

adv.以前，先前（地）

参考例句：

• The bicycle tyre blew out at a previously damaged point.自行车胎在以前损坏过的地方又爆开了。
• Let me digress for a moment and explain what had happened previously.让我岔开一会儿，解释原先发生了什么。

6 truthfulness   

n. 符合实际

参考例句：

• Among her many virtues are loyalty, courage, and truthfulness. 她有许多的美德，如忠诚、勇敢和诚实。
• I fired a hundred questions concerning the truthfulness of his statement. 我对他发言的真实性提出一连串质问。

7 partnership   

n.合作关系，伙伴关系

参考例句：

• The company has gone into partnership with Swiss Bank Corporation.这家公司已经和瑞士银行公司建立合作关系。
• Martin has taken him into general partnership in his company.马丁已让他成为公司的普通合伙人。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

9 maker   

n.制造者，制造商

参考例句：

• He is a trouble maker，You must be distant with him.他是个捣蛋鬼，你不要跟他在一起。
• A cabinet maker must be a master craftsman.家具木工必须是技艺高超的手艺人。

10 hacker   

n.能盗用或偷改电脑中信息的人，电脑黑客

参考例句：

• The computer hacker wrote that he was from Russia.这个计算机黑客自称他来自俄罗斯。
• This site was attacked by a hacker last week.上周这个网站被黑客攻击了。

11 hackers   

n.计算机迷( hacker的名词复数 )；私自存取或篡改电脑资料者，电脑“黑客”

参考例句：

• They think of viruses that infect an organization from the outside.They envision hackers breaking into their information vaults. 他们考虑来自外部的感染公司的病毒，他们设想黑客侵入到信息宝库中。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Arranging a meeting with the hackers took weeks againoff-again email exchanges. 通过几星期电子邮件往来安排见面，他们最终同意了。 来自互联网

12 hacking   

n.非法访问计算机系统和数据库的活动

参考例句：

• The patient with emphysema is hacking all day. 这个肺气肿病人整天不断地干咳。
• We undertook the task of hacking our way through the jungle. 我们负责在丛林中开路。