VOA慢速英语2019--美国社区开始重新考虑使用电击枪

US Communities Start Rethinking Use of Taser Shock

Warren Ragudo died after two Taser shocks by California police seeking to end a family argument.

Ramzi Saad died after a Taser shock by police during a dispute between Saad and his mother.

Chinedu Okobi died after police used a Taser to stop him from walking across a busy street.

Each person killed was unarmed. All three had histories of mental health problems. And they all died last year in the northern California county of San Mateo.

They were among at least 49 people who died in 2018 after being shocked by police with a Taser. That number is similar to the number of Taser deaths nationwide in each of the past two years, the Reuters news agency reports. The news agency says its findings are based on an examination of police records, news reports and court documents.

Taser deaths normally receive little, if any, public attention in the United States. No U.S. government agency follows such deaths, and medical examiners use different rules to decide if a Taser shock caused a death.

Some communities now are considering stronger rules for using Tasers. Some say such weapons are used too often. Others say they are too often deployed¹ against people with physical problems or mental conditions.

Reuters talked to 14 police departments, county governments and cities that saw a Taser death or a serious Taser-related incident in 2018.

Of those, five are examining their Taser policies; three had looked into the issue and decided² not to make changes; and five did not comment because investigations⁴ into Taser use were still active.

Reuters has documented a total of at least 1,081 deaths following use of Tasers, almost since they began coming into widespread use in the early 2000s. In many of those cases, the Taser was used with other force, such as hitting or restraining the person.

The weapon gives a small electric shock to its target, making the person unable to move for a short time.

When Tasers were new, police believed they were a perfect non-deadly weapon. Now they are rethinking that decision.

“I personally think it would be appropriate to have a moratorium⁵ on their use,” said Dave Pine, a San Mateo government official.

Most independent researchers who have studied Tasers say deaths are unusual if the Taser is used correctly. But in 2017, Reuters found that many police officers do not know how to use the Taser correctly.

The news agency was able to get information for 779 of the 1,081 deaths it has documented. The Taser was listed as a cause or part of the cause of death in 21 percent of the cases.

Axon Enterprise, Inc., an Arizona-based company, manufactures the Taser. Axon says most deaths involving the weapon are a result of drug use, or underlying⁶ physical conditions, such as heart problems. Another reason is using the Taser with other police force.

Axon said in an email that Tasers are “not risk free,” but are “the most safe and effective…tool available to law enforcement.”

Recognizing the Risks

The Reuters investigation³ found that many cases involved high-risk subjects, such as people affected⁷ by drug use or those with a mental condition. The other cases involved people with heart problems, those who are very young, very old or very weak.

At least half those who died after Taser shocks last year belonged to one of those groups. Also, 90 percent were unarmed and nearly 25 percent had mental issues.

As police officials have grown to understand the risk of Taser deaths, some have put new rules in place for using them, says Chuck Wexler. He is the head of the Police Executive Research Forum⁸ research group.

One of the country’s largest police departments, the Los Angeles County Sheriff’s Department, put new rules in place, said one official. It is waiting for approval from the city’s newly elected government.

In San Francisco, city government officials stopped the police department’s plan to buy Tasers.

Axon said it offers police departments training for Taser use. That includes special training for dealing⁹ with people who suffer from mental illness. The company also offers training to help police stop conflicts without using the Taser.

Worries in San Mateo

In San Mateo, the medical examiner’s office ruled the death of Ramzi Saad as a homicide. The office said Saad’s heart stopped after being restrained by police, who then used the Taser.

Police officers went to the home where Saad lived on August 13 after a neighbor saw him push his mother and called the police.

Saad had high blood pressure and other medical problems, as well as mental illness. Police used the Taser at least two times after Saad threatened an officer. He died at the hospital.

Saad’s Taser death was followed by two others.

Stephen Wagstaffe, the top lawyer for the county government, became worried, he told Reuters.

Wagstaffe said he asked his office “to come up with as much information as possible on Taser-related deaths.” The information will go to all of San Mateo County’s police departments “to help them in their judgment¹⁰ on the future use of Tasers,” he said.

I’m Dorothy Gundy. And I'm Susan Shand.

Words in This Story

Taser – n. a gun that produces a small electric charge and makes the target unable to move for a short period

department – n. a division or office of a large organization, such as a government or business

restrain – v. to hold a person’s body so they cannot move

moratorium – n. a period of time to think before coming to a decision

homicide – n. the legal term for one person killing another

1 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

2 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

3 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

4 investigations   

（正式的）调查( investigation的名词复数 )； 侦查； 科学研究； 学术研究

参考例句：

• His investigations were intensive and thorough but revealed nothing. 他进行了深入彻底的调查，但没有发现什么。
• He often sent them out to make investigations. 他常常派他们出去作调查。

5 moratorium   

n.(行动、活动的)暂停(期)，延期偿付

参考例句：

• The government has called for a moratorium on weapons testing.政府已要求暂停武器试验。
• We recommended a moratorium on two particular kinds of experiments.我们建议暂禁两种特殊的实验。

6 underlying   

adj.在下面的，含蓄的，潜在的

参考例句：

• The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说隐含的主题是十分严肃的。
• This word has its underlying meaning.这个单词有它潜在的含义。

7 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

8 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

9 dealing   

n.经商方法，待人态度

参考例句：

• This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
• His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。

10 judgment   

n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见

参考例句：

• The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
• He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。