VOA慢速英语2019 有些皮肤即使没有接触太阳也会出现黑色素瘤

Melanoma Can Happen on Skin That Does Not Get Sun

Melanoma is an often deadly skin cancer that can develop when a person spends too much time in the sun without protection.But medical doctors now say the disease can form even with little time out in the sun.

黑色素瘤是一种通常可以致命的皮肤癌，如果一个人在没有任何保护的情况下接触过长时间的日光就可能引起黑色素瘤。但现在，医生表示，即使一个人几乎没有在日光下暴露，这个人也可能得黑色素瘤。

“Melanomas can occur anywhere on the body, not only in areas that get a lot of sun,” Doctor Kucy Pon told Reuters by email.She said the most common place for melanoma in men is the back, while for women it is their legs.

库茜·庞通过邮件告诉路透社，“黑色素瘤可能在身体任何部位出现，不仅是长时间接触日光的部位。”她说，男性的黑色素瘤最常出现在背部，而女性则最常出现在腿部。

In a new study, Pon and co-writer Robert Micieli warn about the danger of melanoma.They say it makes for only about 1 percent of skin cancers but causes the majority of skin cancer deaths.Their research recently appeared in the Canadian Medical Association Journal.

庞和联合作者罗伯特·米西利在一项新研究中对黑色素瘤的危险提出了警告。他们表示，虽然黑色素瘤只占所有皮肤癌的1%，但却在皮肤癌死亡率中占据大部分比例。二人的研究于近期发表在《加拿大医学协会期刊》上。

More than 90 percent of melanomas are caused by too much ultraviolet radiation.They said the radiation could come from the sun or from special sun lamps used at tanning salons¹ – places people go to darken their skin.

90%以上的黑色素瘤是由过度暴露于紫外线辐射所引起的。他们表示，这种辐射可能来自太阳光，也可能来自日光浴沙龙使用的特殊日光灯，日光浴沙龙是人们去晒黑皮肤的地方。

The two researchers note that radiation from the sun is not the main cause of some melanomas on body parts like the hands, the bottom of feet, and the inside of noses.Instead, they say, the cancer’s development may more closely look like how non-skin cancers form.

两名研究人员指出，来自太阳的辐射并不是手部、脚底以及鼻子内侧等身体部位出现黑色素瘤的主要原因。他们说，相反，黑色素瘤的发展可能更接近于非皮肤癌的形成方式。

Pon said cases of melanoma have been rising over the last 30 years.It is estimated that 192,300 new cases are expected in the United States in 2019.

庞表示，30年来，黑色素瘤病例的数量一直在增加。据估计，美国2019年黑色素瘤新发病例将达到19.23万。

Pon added that the disease can affect anyone, with any skin color.Older people, those with skin markings called moles³, and people with a family history of melanoma are especially at risk, however.

庞还表示，黑色素瘤可以影响任何人，不论是何种肤色。然而，老年人、皮肤上有痣者以及有黑色素瘤家族史的人群风险性极高。

“The first sign of a melanoma is an unusual looking mole² or freckle⁴,” said Pon.But she warned that, in one of every 10 melanoma patients, the melanoma may have no color at all and is difficult to notice.

庞说，“黑色素瘤的首个特征是看起来不寻常的痣或斑点。”但她同时警告称，每10名黑色素瘤患者中有1人的黑色素瘤可能完全没有颜色，并且难以察觉。

“These un-pigmented melanomas may be pinkish-looking, reddish, purple, normal skin color or …clear and colorless,” said Doctor Ronald Moy.He is a skin specialist from Beverly Hills, California, and a spokesman for the Skin Cancer Foundation.

罗纳德·莫伊医生表示，“这些无色素型黑色素瘤可能呈现浅粉色、淡红色、紫色、正常的皮肤颜色，或是透明无色。”莫伊医生是来自加州比佛利山庄的皮肤专科医生，也是皮肤癌基金会的发言人。

Moy said in an email that these un-pigmented melanomas can look like other forms of skin cancer.Even worse, they can be mistaken for harmless moles or scars.This is especially dangerous, because early detection is critical for successfully treating melanoma.

莫伊在电邮中写道，这些无色素型黑色素瘤可能看起来很像其他类型的皮肤癌。更糟糕的是，这种黑色素瘤可能会被误认为无害的痣或疤。这点尤为危险，因为及早发现是成功治疗黑色素瘤的关键。

“Prevention and early detection are key,” said Doctor Emily Newsom, who is with UCLA Health in Los Angeles, California.

来自加州大学洛杉矶分校医疗中心的艾米丽·纽森医生表示，“预防和及早发现是攻克该问题的关键所在。”

Skin specialists advise people to use sunscreen repeatedly and to wear sun-protective clothing and a wide hat to cover one’s face.

皮肤专家建议：人们应该反复涂抹防晒霜，穿防晒衣，并用宽檐帽来做好脸部防晒。 

Dr. Jeffrey Farma leads the Melanoma and Skin Cancer Program at Fox Chase Cancer Center in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.He said researchers have made “tremendous breakthroughs” in learning about the genes⁵ involved in melanoma.As a result, researchers have been able to treat advanced melanoma and improve the survival rate.

杰弗里·法尔玛医生是宾夕法尼亚州费城的福克斯切斯癌症中心黑色素瘤与皮肤癌项目的负责人。他表示，研究人员在了解与黑色素瘤有关的基因方面取得了“突破性进展”。因此，研究人员得以治疗晚期黑色素瘤并提高患者存活率。

Words in This Story

tanning - n. the act or process of darkening your skin by exposing it to the bright light of the sun or a special lamp

freckle - n. small, brownish spot on someone's skin

detection - n. the act or process of discovering, finding or noticing something

tremendous - adj. very large or great

1 salons   

n.（营业性质的）店( salon的名词复数 )；厅；沙龙（旧时在上流社会女主人家的例行聚会或聚会场所）；（大宅中的）客厅

参考例句：

• He used to attend to his literary salons. 他过去常常去参加他的文学沙龙。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Conspiracy theories about Jewish financiers were the talk of Paris salons. 犹太金融家阴谋论成为巴黎沙龙的话题。 来自互联网

2 mole   

n.胎块；痣；克分子

参考例句：

• She had a tiny mole on her cheek.她的面颊上有一颗小黑痣。
• The young girl felt very self- conscious about the large mole on her chin.那位年轻姑娘对自己下巴上的一颗大痣感到很不自在。

3 moles   

防波堤( mole的名词复数 )； 鼹鼠； 痣； 间谍

参考例句：

• Unsightly moles can be removed surgically. 不雅观的痣可以手术去除。
• Two moles of epoxy react with one mole of A-1100. 两个克分子环氧与一个克分子A－1100反应。

4 freckle   

n.雀簧；晒斑

参考例句：

• The girl used many kinds of cosmetics to remove the freckle on her face.这个女孩用了很多种的化妆品来去掉她脸上的雀斑。
• Do you think a woman without freckle or having a whiter skin would be more attractive?你认为一位没有雀斑或肤色较白的女性会比较有吸引力？

5 genes   

n.基因( gene的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• You have good genes from your parents, so you should live a long time. 你从父母那儿获得优良的基因，所以能够活得很长。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Differences will help to reveal the functions of the genes. 它们间的差异将会帮助我们揭开基因多种功能。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 生物技术的世纪