VOA慢速英语2019 伊朗誓言要对美国炸死苏莱曼尼严加报复

The killing¹ of Iran's General Qassem Soleimani in a United States airstrike marks a major increase in tension between the two countries. Many fear the incident could lead to war and instability in the Middle East.

伊朗的卡西姆·苏莱曼尼将军在美国一次空袭中丧生，这标志着两国之间的紧张关系急剧升温。很多人担心这起事件可能会导致中东的战争和动荡。

Soleimani was head of Iran's Quds Force, which has military operations in several countries in the region. The Quds Force is recognized by the U.S. as an organization that provides support to terrorism. Some considered Soleimani the second most powerful person in Iran behind Supreme² Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei.

苏莱曼尼是伊朗圣城军的领导人，这支部队在该地区的多个国家开展军事行动。圣城军被美国视为一家支持恐怖主义的组织。有人认为苏莱曼尼是仅次于最高领导人哈梅内伊的伊朗第二大权势人物。

Soleimani was killed along with several others Thursday near the Baghdad airport in Iraq. U.S. military officials said President Donald Trump³ ordered the strike to protect Americans. In a statement, officials noted⁴, "General Soleimani was actively⁵ developing plans to attack American diplomats⁶ and service members in Iraq and throughout the region."

苏莱曼尼等人周四在伊拉克巴格达机场附近被炸死。美国军方官员表示，川普下达了这次空袭命令以保护美国人。有关官员在声明中表示：“苏莱曼尼正在积极制定计划，袭击伊拉克和整个地区的美国外交官和服役人员。”

Reactions to the killings⁷

伊朗对这次暗杀的回应

In Iran, thousands of people marched in Tehran and other cities to protest the killings. Supreme Leader Khamenei declared three days of national mourning for the general. He said "severe revenge awaits the criminals" behind the strike.

在伊朗，上万人在德黑兰等城市游行抗议这次暗杀。伊朗最高领导人哈梅内伊宣布为苏莱曼尼将军举行为期三天的国丧。他说，这次空袭背后的黑手等着严厉的报复吧。

The U.S. Embassy in Baghdad urged American citizens on Friday to leave Iraq "immediately." It said the embassy is closed and "U.S. citizens should not approach the Embassy." The Embassy was attacked by militia⁸ groups supported by Iran and other protesters earlier this week.

美国驻巴格达大使馆周五督促美国公民“立即”离开伊拉克。并称使馆已经关闭，“美国公民不要靠近使馆。”美国驻巴格达大使馆本周初受到了伊朗支持的民兵组织以及其它抗议者的袭击。

Iraqi Prime Minister Adel Abdul Mahdi condemned⁹ the killings as a violation¹⁰ of the conditions of the U.S. military presence in Iraq. He said the act of aggression¹¹ violated Iraq's sovereignty and would lead to war.

伊拉克总理马赫迪谴责这次暗杀违反了美国在伊拉克的军事存在条件。他说，这次侵略行为侵犯了伊拉克主权，将会导致战争。

Russia's foreign ministry¹² said that Soleimani's killing "will lead to a rise in tension in the whole region." And China urged "all the relevant parties, especially the U.S., to exercise restraint and prevent the escalation¹³ of the tensions."

俄罗斯外交部表示，苏莱曼尼被杀“将会导致整个地区的紧张局势升级。”中国督促“有关各方，特别是美方保持冷静克制，避免紧张局势进一步升级。”

Tensions in the region

地区紧张局势

The United States has about 5,000 troops in Iraq to train Iraqi forces and to fight Islamic State militants¹⁴. Another 55,000 are positioned across the Middle East. All of them could be possible targets for Iran.

美国大约有5000名士兵在伊拉克训练该国部队以及对抗伊斯兰国激进分子。整个中东地区还有5.5万名美国士兵。所有这些士兵都可能会成为伊朗的目标。

Over the last 20 years, Iran has supported a network of fighting forces and militias¹⁵ in several countries including Iraq, Syria, Yemen and Lebanon. These forces could present a threat to the stability in the region.

在过去20年里，伊朗支持了多个国家战斗部队和民兵的网络，其中包括伊拉、叙利亚、也门和黎巴嫩。这些部队可能对该地区的稳定构成威胁。

Tensions between the U.S. and Iran have increased since President Trump's decision in 2018 to withdraw the U.S. from Iran's nuclear deal with world powers.

自川普总统2018年决定美国退出伊朗与世界大国的核协议以来，美伊之间的紧张关系有所升温。

Last year, Iran shot down a pilotless U.S. military spy airplane, seized several oil tankers¹⁶ and interfered¹⁷ with international ship traffic in the Strait of Hormuz. The U.S. also blames Iran for a September attack on a large Saudi Arabian oil processing center.

去年，伊朗击落了美国军方无人驾驶的间谍飞机，抓获了几艘油轮，并干扰了霍尔木兹海峡的国际船舶运输。美国还指责伊朗于9月对沙特的一家大型石油加工中心发动了袭击。

On Tuesday, a large group of protesters, angry over U.S. airstrikes targeting an Iranian-supported militia, attacked the outer edge of the U.S. Embassy in Baghdad. The attack led Trump to order another 750 U.S. troops to the Middle East.

周二，一大群抗议者袭击了美国驻巴格达大使馆的外围地区，他们对美国空袭伊朗支持的民兵感到愤怒。这次袭击导致川普下令另外750名美国士兵前往中东。

The embassy attack followed U.S. airstrikes Sunday that killed 25 Kataeb Hezbollah fighters. The militia, with ties to Iran, operates in Iraq and Syria. The U.S. said the strikes were in reaction to the killing of an American contractor¹⁸ in a rocket attack last week.

这次大使馆遇袭发生在美国周日空袭造成真主旅25名战斗人员丧生之后。这支与伊朗存在联系的民兵组织在伊拉克和叙利亚活动。美国称这次空袭是对上周一次火箭弹袭击造成一名美国承包商丧命的回应。

Just hours before the news of Soleimani's death on Thursday, U.S. Defense¹⁹ Secretary Mark Esper warned, "The game has changed." 

就在周四苏莱曼尼丧命的消息传出的几个小时前，美国国防部长埃斯佩就警告说，“游戏已经改变。”

1 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

2 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

3 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

4 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

5 actively   

adv.积极地，勤奋地

参考例句：

• During this period all the students were actively participating.在这节课中所有的学生都积极参加。
• We are actively intervening to settle a quarrel.我们正在积极调解争执。

6 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

7 killings   

谋杀( killing的名词复数 )； 突然发大财，暴发

参考例句：

• His statement was seen as an allusion to the recent drug-related killings. 他的声明被视为暗指最近与毒品有关的多起凶杀案。
• The government issued a statement condemning the killings. 政府发表声明谴责这些凶杀事件。

8 militia   

n.民兵，民兵组织

参考例句：

• First came the PLA men,then the people's militia.人民解放军走在前面，其次是民兵。
• There's a building guarded by the local militia at the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一幢由当地民兵团守卫的大楼。

9 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

10 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

11 aggression   

n.进攻，侵略，侵犯，侵害

参考例句：

• So long as we are firmly united, we need fear no aggression.只要我们紧密地团结，就不必惧怕外来侵略。
• Her view is that aggression is part of human nature.她认为攻击性是人类本性的一部份。

12 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

13 escalation   

n.扩大，增加

参考例句：

• The threat of nuclear escalation remains. 核升级的威胁仍旧存在。 来自辞典例句
• Escalation is thus an aspect of deterrence and of crisis management. 因此逐步升级是威慑和危机处理的一个方面。 来自辞典例句

14 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

15 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

16 tankers   

运送大量液体或气体的轮船[卡车]( tanker的名词复数 )； 油轮； 罐车； 油槽车

参考例句：

• They should stop offloading waste from oil tankers into the sea. 他们应当停止从油轮上往海里倾倒废弃物。
• The harbour admits large tankers and freighters. 这个港口容得下巨型油船和货轮。

17 interfered   

v.干预( interfere的过去式和过去分词 )；调停；妨碍；干涉

参考例句：

• Complete absorption in sports interfered with his studies. 专注于运动妨碍了他的学业。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• I am not going to be interfered with. 我不想别人干扰我的事情。 来自《简明英汉词典》

18 contractor   

n.订约人，承包人，收缩肌

参考例句：

• The Tokyo contractor was asked to kick $ 6000 back as commission.那个东京的承包商被要求退还6000美元作为佣金。
• The style of house the contractor builds depends partly on the lay of the land.承包商所建房屋的式样，有几分要看地势而定。

19 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。