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Planting Green Areas in Rio de Janeiro

Recently, Alê Roque walked among a group of trees that she helped plant last year in the Brazilian city of Rio de Janeiro.

The small piece of land is near Providencia. It is Rio de Janeiro's first poor neighborhood, known in Brazil as a favela. There, homes lie close to one another. Bullet holes suggest the presence of violence.

The green area is a kind of garden. It is one of many places where trees are making the city of Rio greener.

"This is cacao, developing well...Look at this lime tree, it's full...Lots and lots of tomato...," Roque said.

As she walked, she saw a yam, and reminded herself to pick it with the children that she teaches to garden.

In addition to providing free food to residents, the small piece of land provides something else. It is cooler in the shade — something rare in this part of the city, far from the sea breeze of Copacabana and Ipanema.

The activist¹ group Catalytic Communities has mapped sustainable projects across Rio de Janeiro. Theresa Williamson, the group's executive director, said there are more and more new green projects. "There seems to be now, all of a sudden, in the last six months even, a growth in interest," she said.

Rio is famous for its coastal² forests. But Rio's dense³ neighborhoods have little plant life.

Around 80 neighborhoods have less than 1 percent tree cover. Most are in the industrial North Zone. Without shade, these so-called "heat islands" make summer even hotter.

This month, the city's highest temperatures reached around 40 degrees Celsius⁴.

People in Rio also talk about the "apparent temperature," a measure that includes wind and humidity. That number reached as high as 54.8 degrees Celsius on January 11.

Washington Fajardo is a visiting housing policy researcher with Harvard University. He said green projects represent a break with Rio's recent past.

Fajardo also is the former mayor's special advisor⁵ on urban issues. He told Associated Press reporters, "To get a tree to grow in an urban environment requires irrigation, because pollution makes it much harder for a sapling to reach adulthood⁶. We knew how to do that better at the start of the 20th century than we do today, strangely."

Cecilia Herzog is the president of Inverde, an organization that researches nature and urban structures. She said Rio's public policy for green spaces is far behind the policies of other major cities. So people are taking matters into their own hands, she said.

The city has begun paying attention. Rio this month started planting native trees to create 25 "fresh islands" in the city's West Zone.

In the Providencia neighborhood, Alê Roque irrigates⁷ her plants and teaches young people how to compost.

Roque argues that if children spend their days surrounded only by alleys⁸, bullets, and trash, they will struggle to do good in the world. They need places to play and pick flowers, she said.

"How are you going teach kids about Mother Nature if they don't have contact with it?" said Roque. "This could be happening in places all over the world, in other favelas, other little areas."

Why does Roque work so hard in the heat?

"I want to make the world green!" she said and laughs, then collects herself. "It's because someone has to do it, truthfully that's it. Someone has to do it."

Words in This Story

breeze – n. a gentle wind

sustainable – adj. involving methods that do not completely use up or destroy natural resources; able to be used without being completely used up or destroyed

humidity – n. moisture in the air

irrigation – n. the act of supplying (something, such as land) with water by using artificial means (such as pipes)

sapling – n. a young tree

interior – n. an inner part, area, or surface

compost – v. to change (plant materials) into compost

endure – v. to experience (difficulty, pain or suffering) for a long time

1 activist   

n.活动分子，积极分子

参考例句：

• He's been a trade union activist for many years.多年来他一直是工会的积极分子。
• He is a social activist in our factory.他是我厂的社会活动积极分子。

2 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

3 dense   

a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的

参考例句：

• The general ambushed his troops in the dense woods. 将军把部队埋伏在浓密的树林里。
• The path was completely covered by the dense foliage. 小路被树叶厚厚地盖了一层。

4 Celsius   

adj.摄氏温度计的，摄氏的

参考例句：

• The temperature tonight will fall to seven degrees Celsius.今晚气温将下降到七摄氏度。
• The maximum temperature in July may be 36 degrees Celsius.七月份最高温度可能达到36摄氏度。

5 advisor   

n.顾问，指导老师，劝告者

参考例句：

• They employed me as an advisor.他们聘请我当顾问。
• The professor is engaged as a technical advisor.这位教授被聘请为技术顾问。

6 adulthood   

n.成年，成人期

参考例句：

• Some infantile actions survive into adulthood.某些婴儿期的行为一直保持到成年期。
• Few people nowadays are able to maintain friendships into adulthood.如今很少有人能将友谊维持到成年。

7 irrigates   

灌溉( irrigate的第三人称单数 )； 冲洗（伤口）

参考例句：

• The Yangtse River irrigates vast stretches of farmland along its course. 长江灌溉着两岸的大片农田。
• Water drafted from the well irrigates the field. 从井中抽出来的水用于灌溉田地。

8 alleys   

胡同，小巷( alley的名词复数 )； 小径

参考例句：

• I followed him through a maze of narrow alleys. 我紧随他穿过一条条迂迴曲折的窄巷。
• The children lead me through the maze of alleys to the edge of the city. 孩子们领我穿过迷宫一般的街巷，来到城边。