VOA慢速英语2020 雷雨天气中如何保持安全

From VOA Learning¹ English, this is the Health & Lifestyle Report.

这里是美国之音慢速英语健康生活报道。 

Lightning is one of the most powerful weather forces to hit Earth.These huge bolts² of electricity that strike during storms can cause destruction³ and death.Lightning can heat the air around it to temperatures five times hotter than the surface of the sun.

闪电是撞击地球最强大的天气力量之一。这些在暴风雨中袭来的巨大闪电会造成破坏和死亡。闪电能将周围空气的温度加热到比太阳表面高5倍。

Lightning is very common.It is estimated⁵ that every second, about 100 lightning strikes hit the surface of the Earth.Experts at the website WeatherSTEM did the math,and say this adds up to about 8 million strikes per day, and 3 billion hits each year!

闪电很常见。据估计，闪电大约每秒钟雷击地球表面100次。WeatherSTEM网站的专家做了计算，称累计起来闪电大约每天雷击地球表面800万次，每年雷击地球表面30亿次！

In some parts of the world, for example India, summer lightning storms are very common.As the rainy season begins there, storms often cover most of the countrys northern area.This is when lightning and thunderstorms happen most.

在世界某些地区，例如印度，夏季雷雨很常见。随着雨季的开始，该国北部大部分地区经常被暴风雨覆盖。这是闪电和雷暴发生最多的时候。

Lightning can be deadly.It is difficult to keep exact records on how many people die from lightning each year throughout the world.Some experts estimate⁴ that about 2,000 people die each year from lightning.Others say the number could be as high as 24,000.

闪电是致命的。很难准确记录全世界每年有多少人死于闪电。一些专家估计每年约有2000人死于闪电。其他专家称这一数字可能高达2.4万。

The last week in June, Reuters news agency⁶ reported lightning strikes killed more than 100 people in two areas of India.

6月的最后一周，路透社报道称，雷击在印度两个地区造成100多人死亡。 

Later in this program, we will give you some tips on helping⁷ a lightning strike victim.But first, experts at the weather.gov website, give tips on staying safe if lightning comes your way.

稍后在节目中，我们会给你一些帮助雷击受害者的建议。但首先，weather.gov网站的专家们给出了一些如何在闪电来袭时保持安全的建议。

If you are outside, experts say you should take cover, which means finding⁸ a safe shelter for protection.During a lightning storm, no place outside is safe.If you hear thunder, lightning is close enough to strike you.Most lightning victims are in open areas or near a tree.

如果你在室外，专家说你应该躲起来，也就是找一个安全的地方保护自己。雷雨期间，室外没有安全的地方。如果你听到雷声，那么闪电就离你很近，近到足以击中你。大多数被闪电击中的人都在开阔区域或靠近树的地方。

When you hear thunder, experts say, immediately try to move to safe shelter.Look for a strong, established building "with plumbing⁹ and electrical wiring."If lightning strikes this kind of building,the experts say, the plumbing and wiring will conduct the electricity better than the human body.

专家说，当你听到雷声时，你要立即设法转移到安全的地方。要寻找“有管道和电线”的坚固既有建筑。如果闪电袭击这种建筑，专家称管道和电线将比人体更能导电。

If such a building is not available,you can also seek shelter inside "an enclosed¹⁰, metal-topped vehicle" with all the windows shut.You should stay in the safe shelter for at least 30 minutes after the last sounds of thunder are heard.

如果没有这样的建筑，你也可以躲在“封闭且有金属顶的车里”，要把所有窗户都关上。在听到最后一声雷声后，你应该在安全的躲避处待至少30分钟。

If you are outside during a lightning storm and there is no safe shelter, these actions may reduce your risk:

如果雷雨期间你在室外，而且没有安全的躲避处，以下行为可能会降低你遭到闪电袭击的风险： 

Immediately leave high land areas, such as hills or mountains.

立即离开高海拔地区，如丘陵或山脉。 

Never lie flat on the ground.

切勿平躺在地上。 

Never shelter under a tree sitting in the open.

切勿躲在露天的树下。 

Immediately get out of any bodies of water and stay away from those areas.

立即逃离任何水域，远离这些地区。 

Stay away from objects that can conduct electricity, such as wire fences, tall structures, power lines or windmills.

远离能导电的物体，如铁丝网、高层建筑、电线或风车。 

If you are indoors¹¹ during a lightning storm, you could still be in danger.Again, weather.gov provides these tips.

雷雨期间，如果你在室内，你仍可能处于危险之中。weather.gov网站再次给出以下这些建议。 

Stay off wired phones, computers and other equipment that can put you in direct contact with electricity.

远离有线电话、电脑和其它能让你直接接触电的设备。 

Avoid any areas with running water.

避开任何有活水的地方。 

Remain indoors but stay away from windows and doors.

待在室内，但要远离门窗。 

Do not lie on concrete floors or touch concrete walls.

不要躺在混凝土地板上或触碰混凝土墙。 

Experts at the U.S. Centers for Disease¹² Control and Prevention say that helping lightning strike victims can save their lives.It is safe to touch a lightning strike victim.People struck by lightning DO NOT carry a charge.

美国疾病控制与预防中心的专家说，帮助雷击受害者可以挽救他们的生命。触碰雷击受害者是安全的。被闪电击中的人不带电荷。

The CDC says to follow these four steps immediately to help a lightning strike victim:

美国疾病控制与预防中心称，要立即采取以下四个步骤来帮助雷击受害者： 

1. Call for Help

第一步：呼救 

Call for professional help immediately.It is safe to use a cell phone during a storm.

立即寻求专业帮助。在暴风雨中使用手机是安全的。 

2. Get to Safety

第二步：转移到安全地带 

Lightning may continue to be a danger.If necessary, move the victim to a safer location.However, do not move victims who are bleeding or appear to have broken bones.

闪电可能仍构成危险。如有必要，将受害者转移到更安全的地方。但是，不要移动流血或骨折了的受害者。

3. Check the Victim

第三步：检查受害者 

Lightning often causes a heart attack.Check to see if the victim is breathing and has a heartbeat.Lightning may also cause other injuries,such as burns, shock, and sometimes physical damage to the body.

闪电常引起心脏病发作。检查受害者是否有呼吸和心跳。闪电还会造成其它伤害，如烧伤、休克，有时还会对身体造成物理伤害。

4. Resuscitate¹³

第四步：复苏 

If the victim is not breathing, immediately begin mouth-to-mouth resuscitation¹⁴.If the victim does not have a pulse, start cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR.Continue this until help arrives.Try to keep the victim warm to prevent hypothermia, or abnormally¹⁵ low body temperature.

如果患者没有呼吸，立即进行人工呼吸。如果受害者没有脉搏，那就开始进行心肺复苏（简称CPR）。继续此操作直到救援到达。尽量保持受害者体温，以防止体温过低。

And thats the Health & Lifestyle report.Im Anna Matteo.

以上就是本期健康生活报道。安娜·马特奥为您播报。 

1 learning   

n.学问，学识，学习；动词learn的现在分词

参考例句：

• When you are learning to ride a bicycle,you often fall off.初学骑自行车时，常会从车上掉下来。
• Learning languages isn't just a matter of remembering words.学习语言不仅仅是记些单词的事。

2 bolts   

n.毛边书 名词bolt的复数形式

参考例句：

• Bolts of all kinds became the rage at the market. 各种腰带成了抢手货。
• The door is secured with bolts. 门已闩稳当了。

3 destruction   

n.破坏，毁灭，消灭

参考例句：

• The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。
• Overconfidence was his destruction.自负是他垮台的原因。

4 estimate   

n.估计，估量；评价，看法；vt.估计，估量

参考例句：

• We estimate the cost to be five thousand dollars.我们估计费用为5000美元。
• The lowest estimate would put the worth of the jewel at ＄200.按最低的评估这块宝石也值200美元。

5 estimated   

adj．根据估计的

参考例句：

• She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
• The man estimated for the repair of the car. 那人估算了修理汽车的费用。

6 agency   

n.经办；代理；代理处

参考例句：

• This disease is spread through the agency of insects.这种疾病是通过昆虫媒介传播的。
• He spoke in the person of Xinhua News Agency.他代表新华社讲话。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 finding   

n.发现，发现物；调查的结果

参考例句：

• The finding makes some sense.该发现具有一定的意义。
• That's an encouraging finding.这是一个鼓舞人心的发现。

9 plumbing   

n.水管装置；水暖工的工作；管道工程v.用铅锤测量（plumb的现在分词）；探究

参考例句：

• She spent her life plumbing the mysteries of the human psyche. 她毕生探索人类心灵的奥秘。
• They're going to have to put in new plumbing. 他们将需要安装新的水管。 来自《简明英汉词典》

10 enclosed   

adj.被附上的；（用墙等）围住的；封闭的；与外界隔绝的v.（用墙、篱笆等）把…围起来( enclose的过去式和过去分词 )；把…装入信封；附入；（尤指墙、篱笆等 ）围住

参考例句：

• The yard had been enclosed with iron railings. 院子用铁栅栏围了起来。
• Do not use this substance in an enclosed space. 切勿在不透气的地方使用此物质。

11 indoors   

adv.(在)室内，(在)户内

参考例句：

• Because of the coldness of the weather we stayed indoors.我们因天气寒冷呆在家里。
• It is very cold outside,you'd better come indoors across the board.外面很冷，你们所有人最好都进屋。

12 disease   

n.疾病，弊端

参考例句：

• The doctors are trying to stamp out the disease.医生正在尽力消灭这种疾病。
• He fought against the disease for a long time.他同疾病做了长时间的斗争。

13 resuscitate   

v.使复活，使苏醒

参考例句：

• A policeman and then a paramedic tried to resuscitate her.一名警察和一位护理人员先后试图救活她。
• As instructed by Rinpoche,we got the doctors to resuscitate him.遵照仁波切的指示，我们找来医生帮他进行急救。

14 resuscitation   

n.复活

参考例句：

• Despite attempts at resuscitation,Mr Lynch died a week later in hospital.虽经全力抢救，但林奇先生一周以后还是在医院去世了。
• We gave him mouth-to-mouth resuscitation and heart massage.我们对他进行了口对口复苏救治和心脏按摩。

15 abnormally   

adv.不正常地

参考例句：

• His eyes were abnormally large. 他的眼睛异常大。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Blood vessels develop abnormally in cancer tumours. 在癌肿瘤中血管出现不正常。 来自《简明英汉词典》