VOA慢速英语2021 非洲希望尽快接种疟疾疫苗

The African Union's top health official wants to get the world's first approved malaria¹ vaccine² to African countries as soon as possible.

非盟最高卫生官员希望尽快向非洲国家提供首款获得批准的疟疾疫苗。

This comes one day after the World Health Organization (WHO) said the vaccine should be given to children across Africa to stop the spread of the disease.

此前一天，世界卫生组织表示应该给非洲各地儿童接种这款疫苗以阻止疾病传播。

John Nkengasong is the director of Africa Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. He told an online news conference Thursday, "We will be engaging with GAVI (the vaccine alliance) and WHO in the coming days to understand first of all the availability of this vaccine."

约翰·恩肯阿松是非洲疾控中心主任。他在周四的在线新闻发布会上表示：“我们将在未来几天与疫苗联盟以及世卫组织合作，首先了解这种疫苗的可用性。”

He noted³ that by the end of 2021, malaria will likely have killed many more people in Africa than COVID-19 will have.

他指出，到2021年底，疟疾在非洲造成的死亡人数可能会超过新冠肺炎。

WHO recommends malaria vaccine

世卫组织推荐接种疟疾疫苗

WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus called it "a historic moment" Wednesday after the health agency's advisory⁴ groups approved the use of a vaccine to fight malaria.

在世卫组织顾问团批准这种疟疾疫苗的使用之后，世卫组织总干事谭塞德周三称这是历史性时刻。

Dr. Matshidiso Moeti is the WHO's Africa director. She said, "We expect many more African children to be protected from malaria and grow into healthy adults."

玛特世蒂索·莫提博士是世卫组织非洲区主任。她表示：“我们希望更多非洲儿童能够免受疟疾侵害，并健康长大。”

The WHO said its decision was based largely on results from ongoing⁵ research in Ghana, Kenya and Malawi. The research followed more than 800,000 children who have received the vaccine since 2019. The WHO said side effects were rare, but sometimes included a high temperature that could result in temporary sudden movements called convulsions.

世卫组织表示，其决定主要是基于在加纳、肯尼亚和马拉维正在进行中的研究所取得的研究结果。该研究跟踪了2019年以来接种疫苗的80多万名儿童。世卫组织表示，该疫苗的副作用很少，但有时也会出现可能导致抽搐的高烧。

The vaccine, known as Mosquirix, was developed by British drugmaker GlaxoSmithKline in 1987. While it is the first to be authorized⁶, the vaccine is only about 30 percent effective. It requires up to four treatments and its protection decreases after several months.

这种名为Mosquirix的疫苗是由英国制药商葛兰素史克于1987年开发的。虽然它是全球首款获得授权的疫苗，但是该疫苗的有效率只有30%左右。它最多需要4次诊治，几个月后它的保护作用就会减弱。

But scientists say the vaccine could have a major effect against malaria in Africa. Most of the world's 200 million cases and 400,000 malaria deaths each year are in Africa.

但是科学家表示，这种疫苗可能会对非洲的疟疾产生重大影响。全世界每年有2亿例疟疾病例和40万例疟疾死亡，其中大多数发生在非洲。

Julian Rayner, director of the Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, said, "It's an imperfect vaccine, but it will still stop hundreds of thousands of children from dying."

剑桥医学研究所所长朱利安·雷纳表示：“这是一种不完美的疫苗，但是它仍将阻止数十万儿童死亡。”

Dr. Alejandro Cravioto is head of the WHO vaccine group that gave the guidance. He said designing a shot against malaria was difficult because it is a parasitic⁷ disease spread by insects called mosquitoes.

亚历杭德罗·克拉维奥托博士是提供指导的世卫组织疫苗组组长。他表示，设计一款对抗疟疾的疫苗很困难，因为它是一种由蚊子传播的寄生虫病。

"We're confronted with extraordinarily⁸ complex organisms," he said. "We are not yet in reach of a highly efficacious vaccine, but what we have now is a vaccine that can be deployed⁹ and that is safe."

他说：“我们面对的是极其复杂的生物体。我们还没有获得高度有效的疫苗，但是我们现在拥有的疫苗是可部署并且是安全的。”

Azra Ghani is chair of infectious diseases at Imperial College London. She said the WHO guidance would hopefully be a "first step" to making better malaria vaccines¹⁰.

阿兹拉·加尼是帝国理工大学传染病学系主任。她表示，世卫组织的指南有望成为生产更好疟疾疫苗的第一步。

She added that efforts to produce a second-generation malaria vaccine could receive help from messenger RNA technology. The drug company BioNTech recently said it would begin researching for a possible malaria vaccine. The company and its partner Pfizer made one of the most successful COVID-19 vaccines with mRNA.

她还表示，生产第二代疟疾疫苗可以借助于信使核糖核酸的帮助。生物新科技公司最近称其将开始研究一种可能的疟疾疫苗。该公司及其合作伙伴辉瑞公司利用信使核糖核酸生产了最成功的新冠肺炎疫苗之一。

1 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

2 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

3 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

4 advisory   

adj.劝告的，忠告的，顾问的，提供咨询

参考例句：

• I have worked in an advisory capacity with many hospitals.我曾在多家医院做过顾问工作。
• He was appointed to the advisory committee last month.他上个月获任命为顾问委员会委员。

5 ongoing   

adj.进行中的，前进的

参考例句：

• The problem is ongoing.这个问题尚未解决。
• The issues raised in the report relate directly to Age Concern's ongoing work in this area.报告中提出的问题与“关心老人”组织在这方面正在做的工作有直接的关系。

6 authorized   

a.委任的，许可的

参考例句：

• An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。

7 parasitic   

adj.寄生的

参考例句：

• Will global warming mean the spread of tropical parasitic diseases?全球变暖是否意味着热带寄生虫病会蔓延呢？
• By definition,this way of life is parasitic.从其含义来说，这是种寄生虫的生活方式。

8 extraordinarily   

adv.格外地；极端地

参考例句：

• She is an extraordinarily beautiful girl.她是个美丽非凡的姑娘。
• The sea was extraordinarily calm that morning.那天清晨，大海出奇地宁静。

9 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

10 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。