VOA慢速英语2021 2021年一月至今的难民境况

People face cold, hunger and danger when they flee their countries.

当人们逃离自己的国家时，他们会面临寒冷、饥饿和危险。

They risk their lives to escape conditions such as poverty and war.

他们冒着生命危险逃离贫困和战争等环境。

About 4.2 million people around the world were reported as stateless, or not belonging to any country, at the end of 2020.

据报道，截至2020年底，全球约有420万人是无国籍的，即不属于任何国家。

But the United Nations refugee agency estimates that the true number is much higher.

但联合国难民署估计，真实数字要高得多。

Here is a look at some of the struggles people leaving their homelands have faced in 2021 so far.

以下是2021年到目前为止离开祖国的人们所面临的一些困难。

In January, people in Bosnia took shelter in abandoned buildings near the town of Bihac.

今年1月，波斯尼亚人在比哈奇附近的废弃建筑中避难。

Some were fleeing conflict in Afghanistan.

一些人是为了逃离阿富汗冲突。

They tried to stay warm as they lined up to reach European Union-member Croatia across the border.

当他们排队越过边境到达欧盟成员国克罗地亚时，他们设法保持温暖。

In February, police in Spain's North African territory of Melilla rescued people hiding in waste containers as they tried to make their way to the mainland of Spain.

今年2月，西班牙北非领土梅利利亚的警察营救了试图前往西班牙大陆的藏在废弃集装箱中的人。

And, the German ship named Sea-Watch rescued more than 360 people from small boats off the Libyan coast.

此外，这艘名为“海上观察”的德国船在利比亚海岸附近的小船上营救了360多人。

The central Mediterranean¹ migration² path, south of the Sahara Desert, to Italy is considered one of the world's deadliest.

位于撒哈拉沙漠以南，通往意大利的地中海中部移民路线被认为是世界上最致命的移民路线之一。

In March, worsening security and economic conditions in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador led to the biggest rise in the number of migrants at the United States' southwestern border in 20 years.

今年3月，墨西哥、危地马拉、洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多的安全和经济状况恶化，导致美国西南边境的移民人数创下20年来的最大增幅。

The U.S. Customs and Border Protection officials dealt with 173,281 people from the southwestern border in March.

今年3月，美国海关和边境保护局官员处理了来自西南边境的移民173,281人。

The administration of President Joe Biden also attempted to deal with large numbers of children trying to cross the border alone.

乔·拜登总统的政府也试图处理大量试图独自越境的儿童。

In May, Spain deployed³ troops to the Spanish territory of Ceuta in northern Africa.

今年5月，西班牙向北非的西班牙领土休达部署了军队。

The troops guarded the country's border with Morocco after around 8,000 people crossed by swimming in or climbing over a barrier.

在大约8000人通过游泳或爬过障碍物越过边境后，军队守卫着该国与摩洛哥的边境。

Around two-thirds of the people who made it to Ceuta, including children who arrived alone, were expelled by Spanish officials.

在抵达休达的人中，大约三分之二的人，包括独自抵达的儿童，都被西班牙官员驱逐出境。

But many said they would try again to reach Europe.

但许多人表示，他们将再次尝试进入欧洲。

In June, thousands of Belarusians fled to Poland after a political crackdown by President Alexander Lukashenko.

今年6月，在总统亚历山大·卢卡申科的政治镇压后，数千名白俄罗斯人逃往波兰。

Nearly 10,000 Belarusians registered for humanitarian⁴ visas or asylum⁵ in the past year.

在过去的一年里，近1万名白俄罗斯人注册了人道主义签证或庇护。

Lukashenko, who has held power since 1994, won another election in 2020.

自1994年以来一直掌权的卢卡申科在2020年再次赢得选举。

Months of protests followed.

随之而来的是持续数月的抗议活动。

Tens of thousands of people have been arrested for expressing their opposition⁶ to Lukashenko.

数以万计的人因表达对卢卡申科的反对而被捕。

In July, Afghans who walked through Iran for weeks arrived at the Turkish border to face a three-meter-high wall and other barriers.

今年7月，阿富汗人徒步行进数周穿越伊朗抵达土耳其边境后面对的却是一堵三米高的墙和其他障碍物。

Turkish officials strengthened their efforts to block refugees from entering the country.

土耳其官员加大了阻止难民进入该国的力度。

Turkey detained 1,500 people near the Iranian border in a week, as violence rose in Afghanistan.

随着阿富汗暴力事件的增加，土耳其一周内在伊朗边境附近拘留了1500人。

In August, Greece completed a 40-kilometer fence, guarded by soldiers, on its border with Turkey.

今年8月，希腊在其与土耳其接壤的边境上完成了40公里长的围栏，由士兵把守。

The barrier was built to stop asylum seekers from trying to reach Europe after the Taliban's takeover of Afghanistan.

修建这道屏障是为了阻止寻求庇护者在塔利班接管阿富汗后试图进入欧洲。

And, this month, more than 12,000 Haitians and others crossed the Rio Grande River from Mexico where they were living in a camp under a bridge in southern Texas.

本月，超过12000名海地人和其他人从墨西哥穿过格兰德河，他们住在德克萨斯州南部一座桥下的营地里。

They were joined by people from Cuba, Venezuela and Nicaragua.

来自古巴、委内瑞拉和尼加拉瓜的人也加入了他们的行列。

Hundreds more continued to come to the border, leading to a humanitarian and political crisis for President Biden.

还有数百人继续来到边境，给拜登总统带来了人道主义和政治危机。

U.S. officials began flying the Haitians in Texas, who entered the country without permission, back to their homeland.

美国官员开始用飞机将未经许可进入德克萨斯州的海地人送回他们的祖国。

The operation may be the start of the county's largest expulsion of migrants or refugees in many years.

这次行动可能是该国多年来最大规模驱逐移民或难民行动的开始。

I'm Ashley Thompson.

阿什利·汤普森为您播报。

1 Mediterranean   

adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的

参考例句：

• The houses are Mediterranean in character.这些房子都属地中海风格。
• Gibraltar is the key to the Mediterranean.直布罗陀是地中海的要冲。

2 migration   

n.迁移，移居，（鸟类等的）迁徙

参考例句：

• Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
• He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。

3 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

4 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

5 asylum   

n.避难所，庇护所，避难

参考例句：

• The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
• Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。

6 opposition   

n.反对，敌对

参考例句：

• The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
• The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。