VOA慢速英语--FDA最新饮食建议:食品制造商应少放盐

The Food and Drug Administration asked food companies to use less salt in more than 150 items as a way to make Americans healthier.

美国食品药品监督管理局要求食品公司在150多种食品中减少盐的使用量，以使美国人更健康。

The agency targeted manufacturers that sell foods made from grains as well as potato chips and french fries.

该机构的目标是销售谷物食品以及薯片和薯条的制造商。

A total of 163 items made the list.

共有163种食品上榜。

The FDA said the extra sodium¹ people eat—sodium is the chemical name for salt—mostly comes from foods made or eaten away from home.

食品药品监督管理局表示，人们摄入的额外的钠——钠是盐的化学名称——主要来自在外面制作或食用的食物。

The FDA suggested that food companies slowly reduce the amount of salt they add to their products.

食品药品监督管理局建议食品公司慢慢减少他们产品中的食盐添加量。

In doing so, Americans can get used to eating less salt.

这样，美国人就可以习惯少吃盐。

The agency called for a gradual reduction of 12 percent over the next two-and-a-half years.

该机构呼吁在未来两年半内逐步减少12%。

If the companies agree, it will reduce the average American's sodium intake² from 3,400 to 3,000 milligrams per day.

如果这些公司同意，这将使美国人平均每天的钠摄入量从3400毫克减少到3000毫克。

The FDA suggests people over the age of 14 take in only 2,300 milligrams per day, but the goal is to reduce the sodium over time.

食品药品监督管理局建议14岁以上的人每天只摄入2300毫克的钠，但目标是随着时间的推移减少钠的摄入量。

Susan Mayne leads the FDA's food safety and nutrition division.

苏珊·梅恩是食品药品监督管理局食品安全和营养部的负责人。

She said the gradual reduction should reduce negative feedback from food makers³ and those who buy their products.

她说，逐步减少食盐添加量应该会减少食品制造商和那些购买他们产品的人的负面反馈。

Some health experts, however, criticized the agency for not producing a full 10-year timeline for sodium reduction.

然而，一些健康专家批评该机构没有制定一个完整的10年减钠时间表。

Dr. Dariush Mozaffarian leads Tufts University's school of Nutrition Science and Policy.

达里什·莫扎法里安博士是塔夫茨大学营养科学与政策学院的负责人。

He said two recent studies suggest the FDA should be firmer with its guidelines.

他说，最近的两项研究表明，食品药品监督管理局应该更加严格地执行其指导方针。

A 2019 study from the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine showed that less sodium reduced some long-term health problems.

美国国家科学院、工程院和医学院2019年的一项研究表明，摄入较少的钠可以减少一些长期的健康问题。

Another recent study in China showed people who used a salt substitute reduced their chances of stroke and heart problems compared to those who used regular salt.

中国最近的另一项研究表明，与使用普通盐的人相比，使用盐替代品的人患中风和心脏病的几率更低。

Mozaffarian said the effect of the sodium guidelines will depend on how well the FDA monitors food companies and their progress.

莫扎法里安说，钠指导方针的效果将取决于食品药品监督管理局对食品公司及其进展的监控程度。

Some business organizations, such as the American Frozen Food Institute, said they are already offering products with less sodium.

一些商业组织，如美国冷冻食品协会，表示他们已经在提供钠含量较低的产品。

Right now, the guidelines are voluntary, but if food makers do not make changes in time, the leader of one organization thinks the sodium cuts should be required.

目前，这些指导方针是自愿的，但如果食品制造商不及时做出改变，一家组织的领导人认为应该要求其降低钠含量。

Dr. Peter Lurie is president of the Center for Science in the Public Interest.

彼得·卢里博士是公共利益科学中心的主席。

If food makers do not show a willingness to reduce the salt in their products, it could be that "mandatory⁴ cuts are on the table," he said.

他说，如果食品制造商没有表现出减少产品用盐量的意愿，那可能要“考虑强制性削减了”。

I'm Dan Friedell.

丹·弗里德尔为您播报。

1 sodium   

n.（化）钠

参考例句：

• Out over the town the sodium lights were lit.在外面，全城的钠光灯都亮了。
• Common salt is a compound of sodium and chlorine.食盐是钠和氯的复合物。

2 intake   

n.吸入，纳入；进气口，入口

参考例句：

• Reduce your salt intake.减少盐的摄入量。
• There was a horrified intake of breath from every child.所有的孩子都害怕地倒抽了一口凉气。

3 makers   

n.制造者，制造商（maker的复数形式）

参考例句：

• The makers of the product assured us that there had been no sacrifice of quality. 这一产品的制造商向我们保证说他们没有牺牲质量。
• The makers are about to launch out a new product. 制造商们马上要生产一种新产品。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 mandatory   

adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者

参考例句：

• It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
• There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。