VOA慢速英语2021 德州堕胎法为限制其它权利开先例

The United States Supreme¹ Court's decision last week to leave in place a Texas law banning most abortions³ gives states a chance to restrict other rights, including gun ownership.

美国最高法院上周决定保留德克萨斯州禁止大多数堕胎行为的法律，这让各州有机会限制包括拥枪权在内的其它权利。

To do that, states could pass laws copying the Texas law’s enforcement procedure. It is unclear how many states will actually do so.

为此，各州可以批准那些照搬德州执法程序的法律。目前尚不清楚有多少州会真正这样去做。

The Republican-supported Texas law takes enforcement away from state officials. That way, the law avoids judicial⁴ review. Instead, the law permits private citizens to sue anyone who performs or assists a woman in getting an abortion² after about six weeks of pregnancy⁵. The law awards $10,000 to citizens for successful lawsuits⁶.

这项共和党支持的德州法律将剥夺州官员的执法权。这样，这项法律就避免了司法审查。与此相反，这项法律允许公民个人对执行或协助妇女在怀孕六周后堕胎的任何人士进行起诉。这项法律将向诉讼成功的公民提供1万美元的奖励。

The Texas law was designed to be difficult for courts to block because it removed state officials from enforcement. That makes it hard to know who to sue and get a ruling that would end it statewide. The Supreme Court largely accepted the enforcement structure. But the court is permitting abortion providers to continue with a legal challenge aimed at some medical licensing⁷ officials.

这项德州法律旨在让法院难以阻止，因为它取消了州官员的执法权。这使得很难知道该起诉谁并获得裁决可以在全州范围内终止它。最高法院在很大程度上接受了这种执行体系。但是法院允许堕胎提供者继续针对某些医疗许可官员提出法律挑战。

The Center for Reproductive Rights is a legal group in favor of abortion rights. It says legislators in five other Republican-led states have introduced abortion bills modeled on the Texas law, but none have yet been passed.

生殖权利中心是一家支持堕胎权利的法律团体。它表示，其它5个共和党领导的州的议员已经提出了仿照德克萨斯州法律的堕胎法案，但是尚未通过。

Critics have said that ruling would allow states to pass laws that avoid other recognized rights like gay and religious rights, as well as guns.

批评者表示，该裁决将允许各州通过那些避免其它公认权利的法律，例如同性恋、宗教以及枪支的权利。

The day after the Supreme Court decision, California Governor Gavin Newsom, a Democrat⁸, began to work on a bill to limit gun use. It would also permit private citizens to sue anyone who builds, distributes or sells assault weapons or self-built “ghost guns.” Citizens would also be awarded at least $10,000 in damages.

在最高法院做出裁决的第二天，加州民主党人州长加文·纽森就开始着手执行一项限制枪支使用的法案。它也将允许公民个人起诉任何制造、分发或销售攻击性武器或自制幽灵枪支的人士。公民也将获得至少1万美元的赔偿。

In Illinois, one Democratic legislator has proposed targeting gun dealers⁹ with a measure similar to the one California is considering.

在伊利诺伊州，一位民主党议员提议采取类似加州正在考虑的措施来针对枪支销售商。

New York Attorney General Letitia James, another Democrat, said on television Tuesday that she would support a similar effort in her state.

另一位民主党人、纽约总检察长莱蒂娅·詹姆斯周二在电视上表示，她将支持她所在州采取类似措施。

Stacey Radnor is a spokesperson for the gun-control group Everytown for Gun Safety. She said in a statement that California’s bill is "an interesting approach that we're going to examine further as we get more details."

斯黛西·拉德诺是控枪组织“每城枪支安全”的发言人。她在一份声明中表示，加州的法案“是一种有趣的方法，我们将随着细节的公布做进一步研究。”

The Supreme Court is not preventing laws that “infringe constitutionally protected rights. I do think this is a bit of an invitation to other states," said David Noll. He is a professor at Rutgers Law School in New Jersey¹⁰.

大卫·诺尔表示，最高法院并未阻止“侵犯受宪法保护权利”的法律，我确实认为这是让其他州群起效仿。”他是新泽西州罗格斯法学院的教授。

James White is a Republican member of the Texas House of Representatives who supports the state's abortion law. He questioned in a letter to the state's attorney general whether private individuals must follow the Supreme Court's 2015 ruling legalizing gay marriage.

詹姆斯·怀特是德州众议院的共和党议员，他支持该州的堕胎法案。他在写给州检察长的一份信中询问，公民个人是否需要遵守最高法院2015年将同性婚姻合法化的裁决。

But White told Reuters he does not expect a state law similar to the abortion law targeting the rights of same-sex relationships.

但是怀特对路透社表示，他不希望出台一项类似堕胎法的州法律来针对同性恋的权利。

Shannon Minter is with the National Center for Lesbian Rights. She said that any such measure would be discriminatory and illegal. But she said that she has not yet heard of any such proposal.

香农·明特在美国女同性恋权利中心工作。她说，任何此类措施都是歧视性和非法的。但是她说她还没有听过任何此类提议。

"I have not, and I hope I never do," Minter said.

明特表示：“我没听过，也希望永远不会听到。”

1 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

2 abortion   

n.流产，堕胎

参考例句：

• She had an abortion at the women's health clinic.她在妇女保健医院做了流产手术。
• A number of considerations have led her to have a wilful abortion.多种考虑使她执意堕胎。

3 abortions   

n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育

参考例句：

• The Venerable Master: By not having abortions, by not killing living beings. 上人：不堕胎、不杀生。 来自互联网
• Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions. 结论：染色体异常是导致反复自然流产的原因之一。 来自互联网

4 judicial   

adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的

参考例句：

• He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
• Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。

5 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。

6 lawsuits   

n.诉讼( lawsuit的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Lawsuits involving property rights and farming and grazing rights increased markedly. 涉及财产权，耕作与放牧权的诉讼案件显著地增加。 来自辞典例句
• I've lost and won more lawsuits than any man in England. 全英国的人算我官司打得最多，赢的也多，输的也多。 来自辞典例句

7 licensing   

v.批准，许可，颁发执照( license的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• A large part of state regulation consists of occupational licensing. 大部分州的管理涉及行业的特许批准。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• That licensing procedures for projects would move faster. 这样的工程批准程序一定会加快。 来自辞典例句

8 democrat   

n.民主主义者，民主人士；民主党党员

参考例句：

• The Democrat and the Public criticized each other.民主党人和共和党人互相攻击。
• About two years later,he was defeated by Democrat Jimmy Carter.大约两年后，他被民主党人杰米卡特击败。

9 dealers   

n.商人( dealer的名词复数 )；贩毒者；毒品贩子；发牌者

参考例句：

• There was fast bidding between private collectors and dealers. 私人收藏家和交易商急速竞相喊价。
• The police were corrupt and were operating in collusion with the drug dealers. 警察腐败，与那伙毒品贩子内外勾结。

10 jersey   

n.运动衫

参考例句：

• He wears a cotton jersey when he plays football.他穿运动衫踢足球。
• They were dressed alike in blue jersey and knickers.他们穿着一致，都是蓝色的运动衫和灯笼短裤。