VOA慢速英语2021 网络攻击致美国主要燃油管道关闭

A major U.S. fuel pipeline¹ remains² largely shut down Monday after a cyberattack caused service to be suspended.

美国一条主要燃油管道因遭遇网络攻击而暂停服务，该管道周一仍处于关闭状态。

The incident, reported Friday, led to the shutdown of a main fuel line operated by Colonial Pipeline, a company based in Georgia.

媒体上周五报道称，这起事件导致佐治亚州殖民管道公司运营的一条主要燃油管道关闭。

The pipeline carries gasoline and other fuel from Texas to the U.S. Northeast.

这条管道将汽油和其他燃料从得克萨斯州运往美国东北部地区。

The company says it supplies about 45 percent of all the fuel used on the U.S. East Coast.

该公司表示，该管道提供的燃料占美国东海岸供应量的45%。

Some are considering the cyberattack the most damaging so far against important U.S. infrastructure³.

有人认为这起网络攻击是迄今为止对美国重要基础设施破坏性最严重的一次攻击。

Colonial said Monday it hopes to have most of its fuel transportation system running again by the end of the week.

殖民管道公司周一表示，其希望公司的大部分燃油运输系统能在本周末前恢复运行。

The company is in the process of restarting its network, which transports over 2.5 million barrels of gasoline, diesel⁴ and jet fuel each day.

该公司正在重新启动网络，这条管道每天输送250多万桶汽油、柴油和喷气燃料。

The company says it was hit by a ransomware attack.

该公司称，其受到了勒索软件的袭击。

In such attacks, online attackers infect the computer systems of organizations and hijack⁵ information in a way that leaves it unreadable.

在这种攻击中，网络攻击者感染机构的计算机系统，用导致系统无法读取的方式劫持信息。

The attacker then demands payment in exchange for returning the information to a readable state.

之后攻击者会要求支付赎金，以换取让信息返回可读状态。

Law enforcement agencies are investigating the incident.

执法机构正在调查这起事件。

The Federal Bureau of Investigation⁶ said Monday the attack was carried out by a criminal group known as DarkSide.

美国联邦调查局（简称FBI）周一表示，攻击由名为DarkSide的犯罪组织实施。

A news release issued Monday in the name of DarkSide stated its purpose, but did not name Colonial Pipeline, Reuters news agency reported.

据路透社报道，周一以DarkSide名义发布的新闻稿表明了其目的，但并未点名殖民管道公司。

"Our goal is to make money, and not creating problems for society," the group said.

该组织表示，“我们的目的是赚钱，不是为社会制造问题。”

Cybersecurity experts who have studied DarkSide say the group appears to be made up of experienced cybercriminals

研究DarkSide组织的网络安全专家表示，这个组织似乎由经验丰富的网络罪犯组成，

who aim to get as much money as they can from their targets.

他们的目的是从袭击目标处获得尽可能多的钱。

"They're very new but they're very organized," said Lior Div, chief of Cybereason, a security company based in Boston.

总部设在波士顿的安全公司Cybereason的负责人利奥尔·迪夫表示，“这个组织成立时间不长，但他们相当有组织性。”

DarkSide claims it does not attack hospitals, nursing homes or educational or government targets.

DarkSide组织称，其不会攻击医院、疗养院或教育和政府部门。

It says it donates part of the money it receives to charity.

该组织称，他们将收到的部分赎金捐给慈善机构。

Like most other major ransomware groups, it is known to avoid targeting organizations in former Soviet⁷ bloc⁸ nations.

众所周知，与大多数主要的勒索软件组织一样，DarkSide也避免针对前苏联国家的机构。

This suggests a link to former Soviet republics.

这表明该组织与前苏联加盟共和国有联系。

The administration of President Joe Biden said it has made restarting the fuel network a top goal.

美国总统乔·拜登领导的政府表示，其首要目标是重启燃料网络。

The administration said it is working with several agencies on plans to avoid severe fuel disruptions.

美国政府表示，他们正在与多家机构合作制定计划，以避免严重的燃料中断。

If a shutdown continues, fuel suppliers would need to use trucks and trains to transport fuel.

如果管道继续关闭，那燃料供应商就要用卡车和火车运输燃料。

The Department of Transportation announced emergency measures Sunday to keep deliveries moving.

为保持运输，美国交通部周日宣布了紧急措施。

The agency lifted driver restrictions⁹ on fuel transporters in 17 states affected¹⁰ by the shutdown.

该机构放宽了受管道关闭影响的17个州的燃油运输限制。

Experts said gasoline prices are not likely to be affected if the pipeline is able to restart operations in the next few days.

专家表示，如果未来几天管道能够恢复运营，那汽油价格不太可能受到影响。

But they said the incident should raise awareness¹¹ of the serious threats companies can face.

但他们表示，这一事件应该提高人们对企业可能面临的严重威胁的认识。

David Kennedy established TrustedSec, a company that helps organizations prepare for and fight cyberattacks.

大卫·肯尼迪是TrustedSec公司的创始人，这家公司帮助机构为应对网络攻击做准备。

He told the AP that once a ransomware attack is discovered, companies have few choices.

他对美联社表示，一旦发现勒索软件攻击，公司可以选择的做法少之又少。

They can either completely rebuild their infrastructure or pay the amount of money being demanded.

他们可以完全重建基础设施，也可以支付攻击者要求的赎金。

"Ransomware is absolutely out of control and one of the biggest threats we face as a nation," Kennedy said.

肯尼迪表示，“勒索软件已经完全失控，是我们作为国家面临的最大威胁之一。

"The problem we face is most companies are grossly underprepared to face these threats."

问题是，大多数公司在面对这些威胁时准备不足。”

I'm Bryan Lynn.

布莱恩·林恩报道。

1 pipeline   

n.管道，管线

参考例句：

• The pipeline supplies Jordan with 15 per cent of its crude oil.该管道供给约旦15%的原油。
• A single pipeline serves all the houses with water.一条单管路给所有的房子供水。

2 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

3 infrastructure   

n.下部构造，下部组织，基础结构，基础设施

参考例句：

• We should step up the development of infrastructure for research.加强科学基础设施建设。
• We should strengthen cultural infrastructure and boost various types of popular culture.加强文化基础设施建设，发展各类群众文化。

4 diesel   

n.柴油发动机，内燃机

参考例句：

• We experimented with diesel engines to drive the pumps.我们试着用柴油机来带动水泵。
• My tractor operates on diesel oil.我的那台拖拉机用柴油开动。

5 hijack   

v.劫持，劫机，拦路抢劫

参考例句：

• Most countries refuse to give sanctuary to people who hijack aeroplanes.大多数国家拒绝对劫机者提供庇护。
• The hijack take place just after the plane take off.劫持是飞机刚起飞后发生的。

6 investigation   

n.调查，调查研究

参考例句：

• In an investigation,a new fact became known, which told against him.在调查中新发现了一件对他不利的事实。
• He drew the conclusion by building on his own investigation.他根据自己的调查研究作出结论。

7 Soviet   

adj.苏联的，苏维埃的；n.苏维埃

参考例句：

• Zhukov was a marshal of the former Soviet Union.朱可夫是前苏联的一位元帅。
• Germany began to attack the Soviet Union in 1941.德国在1941年开始进攻苏联。

8 bloc   

n.集团；联盟

参考例句：

• A solid bloc of union members support the decision.工会会员团结起来支持该决定。
• There have been growing tensions within the trading bloc.贸易同盟国的关系越来越紧张。

9 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

10 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

11 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。