VOA新闻杂志2022美国2020年耐药性感染和死亡人数增长

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U.S. health officials recently reported that drug-resistant infections increased during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

美国卫生官员最近报告称，在新冠肺炎大流行的第一年，耐药性感染有所增长。

The report came from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). It said there was an increase in hospital infections and deaths in 2020.

该报告出自美国疾控预防中心。它说，2020年医院感染和死亡人数有所增长。

Dr. Arjun Srinivasan, a CDC expert, called it "a startling reversal" that he hopes was a one-year happening.

美国疾控预防中心专家Arjun Srinivasan博士称其为“一项令人震惊的逆转”，他希望这是那一年内的偶发事件。

CDC officials think there were several reasons for the rise. One was how COVID-19 was treated when it first appeared in the United States in early 2020.

美国疾控预防中心官员认为，这种增长有几个原因。原因之一是2020年初新冠肺炎在美国首次出现时的治疗方法。

Antimicrobial drug resistance happens when organisms like bacteria and fungi¹ gain the ability to resist the drugs that were designed to kill them. The misuse² of antibiotics⁴ was a big reason for the increase, officials said. Unfinished or unnecessary prescriptions⁵ that did not kill the microorganisms made them stronger.

当细菌和真菌等生物体获得抵抗旨在杀死它们的药物的能力时，就会发生抗菌药物的耐药性。官员表示，滥用抗生素是这种增长的一个重要原因。没能杀死微生物的未完成或非必要处方使它们变得更加强壮。

Before the pandemic, health officials said U.S. drug-resistant infections appeared to be going down. Deaths fell from an estimated 44,000 in 2012 to 36,000 in 2017 — an 18 percent decrease. The government credited hospitals for the careful use of antibiotics, and for separating patients who might spread infections.

卫生官员表示，在大流行之前，美国的耐药性感染似乎正在下降。死亡人数从2012年估计的4.4万人下降到2017年的3.6万人，下降了18%。政府赞扬了医院谨慎使用抗生素，以及将可能传播感染的患者隔离。

The CDC does not have 2020 data for all infectious diseases. But it does have information on seven kinds of bacterial⁶ and fungal infections that were found in hospital patients. They include MRSA and a bacterium⁷ called CRE, which is known as "the nightmare bacteria."

美国疾控预防中心没有2020年所有传染病的数据。但是它确实有在医院患者中发现的七类细菌和真菌感染的相关信息。它们包括MRSA和一种被称为CRE的细菌，这种细菌被称为“噩梦细菌”。

The CDC reported increases of 15 percent or more in infections and deaths from that group of microorganisms.

美国疾控预防中心报告称，这组微生物的感染和死亡人数增加了15%或更多。

From March to October 2020, almost 80 percent of patients hospitalized with COVID-19 received an antibiotic³, CDC officials said. Use of certain kinds of antibiotics increased as doctors used many kinds of drugs to fight both the coronavirus and any bacterial co-infections.

美国疾控预防中心官员表示，从2020年3月到2020年10月，近80%的新冠肺炎住院患者接受了抗生素治疗。随着医生使用多种药物来对抗冠状病毒以及任何细菌合并感染，某些种类的抗生素的使用有所增加。

By 2021, use of antibiotics dropped. Dr. Srinivasan noted⁸ that the use of catheters, ventilators and other medical devices might also be down. Those devices are used on very sick patients and can be a means for drug-resistant microbes to enter patients' bodies.

到2021年，抗生素的使用量有所下降。Srinivasan博士指出，导管、呼吸机和其它医疗设备的使用可能也有所减少。这些设备用于重症患者，并且可能成为耐药微生物进入患者体内的一种途径。

Any increase in COVID-19 hospitalizations — like the one being seen in the U.S. currently — increases that risk, he said.

他说，新冠肺炎住院人数的任何增长——就像目前在美国看到的那样——都会增加这种风险。

1 fungi   

n.真菌，霉菌

参考例句：

• Students practice to apply the study of genetics to multicellular plants and fungi.学生们练习把基因学应用到多细胞植物和真菌中。
• The lawn was covered with fungi.草地上到处都是蘑菇。

2 misuse   

n.误用，滥用；vt.误用，滥用

参考例句：

• It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.你如此滥用自己的才能，使我深感不安。
• He was sacked for computer misuse.他因滥用计算机而被解雇了。

3 antibiotic   

adj.抗菌的；n.抗生素

参考例句：

• The doctor said that I should take some antibiotic.医生说我应该服些用抗生素。
• Antibiotic can be used against infection.抗菌素可以用来防止感染。

4 antibiotics   

n.（用作复数）抗生素；（用作单数）抗生物质的研究；抗生素，抗菌素( antibiotic的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• the discovery of antibiotics in the 20th century 20世纪抗生素的发现
• The doctor gave me a prescription for antibiotics. 医生给我开了抗生素。

5 prescriptions   

药( prescription的名词复数 )； 处方； 开处方； 计划

参考例句：

• The hospital of traditional Chinese medicine installed a computer to fill prescriptions. 中医医院装上了电子计算机来抓药。
• Her main job was filling the doctor's prescriptions. 她的主要工作就是给大夫开的药方配药。

6 bacterial   

a.细菌的

参考例句：

• Bacterial reproduction is accelerated in weightless space. 在失重的空间，细菌繁殖加快了。
• Brain lesions can be caused by bacterial infections. 大脑损伤可能由细菌感染引起。

7 bacterium   

n.(pl.)bacteria 细菌

参考例句：

• The bacterium possibly goes in the human body by the mouth.细菌可能通过口进入人体。
• A bacterium is identified as the cause for his duodenal ulcer.一种细菌被断定为造成他十二指肠溃疡的根源。

8 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。