VOA新闻杂志2023 美国金融官员接管两家倒闭银行

President Joe Biden told Americans Monday that the nation's financial system is safe. Biden made the comments after the collapse¹ of two large banks with ties to the computer technology industry.

拜登周一对美国人表示，美国的金融体系稳如泰山。拜登是在两家深耕计算机行业的大型银行倒闭后发表此番言论的。

U.S. regulators closed the Silicon² Valley Bank on Friday after a run on the bank. A bank run happens when too many account holders³ withdraw their money at the same time and the bank cannot honor their requests. The bank's failure is the second largest in U.S. history, after the 2008 failure of Washington Mutual⁴, based in Seattle.

在硅谷银行遭遇挤兑之后，美国监管机构于周五关闭了这家银行。当太多储户同时取款而银行无法满足他们的要求时，就会发生银行挤兑。该银行的破产是美国历史上第二大破产，仅次于2008年总部位于西雅图市的华盛顿互惠银行的破产。

New York-based Signature Bank failed on Monday. The bank had more than $110 billion in assets. That makes its failure the third largest in U.S. history.

总部位于纽约市的签名银行周一倒闭。该银行拥有超过1100亿美元资产。这使其成为美国历史上第三大破产。

Biden said he would seek to hold those responsible accountable. He also called for better oversight⁵ and regulation of large banks. He promised no losses would be paid for by taxpayers⁶.

拜登表示他将追究相关人士的责任。他还呼吁加大对大型银行的监督和监管。他承诺不用纳税人承担任何损失。

"We must get the full accounting⁷ of what happened," he said.

他说：“我们要听到对所发生事情的全面解释。”

Biden also said the supervisors⁸ of the banks should be removed. "If the bank is taken over by the FDIC, the people running the bank should not work there anymore," he said. Biden was talking about the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. That agency guarantees bank deposits of member banks up to $250,000.

拜登还表示应该开除银行管理人员。他说：“如果银行被FDIC接管，银行的管理人员就不应该再在那里工作了。”拜登说的FDIC是指联邦存款保险公司。该机构为成员银行的银行存款提供高达25万美元的担保。

The Treasury⁹ Department, the U.S. Federal Reserve and FDIC said Sunday that all Silicon Valley Bank members would be protected and would be able to get their money.

美国财政部、美联邦和联邦存款保险公司周日表示，所有硅谷银行的客户都将得到保护，并能够取出他们的资金。

Under the plan, account holders at Silicon Valley Bank and Signature Bank will be able to withdraw their money on Monday. That includes those whose holdings are over the $250,000 limit. News reports say many of the bank's account holders had more than the amount guaranteed by the government.

根据该计划，硅谷银行和签名银行的储户将可以在周一取款。这包括那些存款超过25万美元上限的人士。新闻报道称，该银行很多储户持有的存款超过了政府担保的金额。

Silicon Valley Bank began to fail when it had to sell some of its holdings at a loss to meet its customers' withdrawal¹⁰ requests. Under the central bank's new program, banks can offer certain investments as collateral¹¹ to borrow for an emergency.

当硅谷银行不得不亏本出售部分股份以满足客户的提款要求，该银行开始倒闭。根据美联储的新计划，银行可以提供某些投资品作为紧急情况下借款的抵押品。

The Treasury said it had set aside $25 billion to deal with losses. However, central bank officials said that they do not expect to have to use any of that money. That is because the investments provided as collateral have a very low risk of default.

美国财政部表示，已经预留了250亿美元用于应对损失。然而，美联储官员表示，他们预计不必动用这些资金。这是因为作为抵押品提供的投资违约的风险非常低。

Sunday's steps represented the biggest government intervention¹² in the banking¹³ system since the 2008 financial crisis. But the actions are limited compared with what was done 15 years ago.

周日的举措是2008年金融危机以来政府对银行系统的最大干预。但与15年前相比行动有限。

Bank stocks continued to drop in value on Monday. Some investors¹⁴ are worried that interest rate increases might hurt the banking industry.

周一，银行股继续下跌。一些投资者担心加息可能会损害银行业。

The most pressure is on regional banks. They are smaller than very large banks that some people consider "too-big-to-fail." Problems at big banks helped cause the financial crisis in 2007 and 2008.

压力最大的是地方银行。它们比一些人们认为“大到不能倒”的大型银行要小得多。大银行的问题导致了2007年和2008年的金融危机。

Shares of another California bank, First Republic Bank, dropped 64.1 percent at the start of trading on Monday. The bank said Sunday it had strengthened its finances with money from the Federal Reserve and JPMorgan Chase Bank.

加州另一家银行，第一共和银行股价周一开盘时下跌了64.1%。该银行周日表示，已经利用美联储和摩根大通银行的资金加强了财务状况。

1 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

2 silicon   

n.硅(旧名矽)

参考例句：

• This company pioneered the use of silicon chip.这家公司开创了使用硅片的方法。
• A chip is a piece of silicon about the size of a postage stamp.芯片就是一枚邮票大小的硅片。

3 holders   

支持物( holder的名词复数 )； 持有者； （支票等）持有人； 支托（或握持）…之物

参考例句：

• Slaves were mercilessly ground down by slave holders. 奴隶受奴隶主的残酷压迫。
• It is recognition of compassion's part that leads the up-holders of capital punishment to accuse the abolitionists of sentimentality in being more sorry for the murderer than for his victim. 正是对怜悯的作用有了认识，才使得死刑的提倡者指控主张废除死刑的人感情用事，同情谋杀犯胜过同情受害者。

4 mutual   

adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的

参考例句：

• We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
• Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

5 oversight   

n.勘漏，失察，疏忽

参考例句：

• I consider this a gross oversight on your part.我把这件事看作是你的一大疏忽。
• Your essay was not marked through an oversight on my part.由于我的疏忽你的文章没有打分。

6 taxpayers   

纳税人，纳税的机构( taxpayer的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Finance for education comes from taxpayers. 教育经费来自纳税人。
• She was declaiming against the waste of the taxpayers' money. 她慷慨陈词猛烈抨击对纳税人金钱的浪费。

7 accounting   

n.会计，会计学，借贷对照表

参考例句：

• A job fell vacant in the accounting department.财会部出现了一个空缺。
• There's an accounting error in this entry.这笔账目里有差错。

8 supervisors   

n.监督者，管理者( supervisor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• I think the best technical people make the best supervisors. 我认为最好的技术人员可以成为最好的管理人员。 来自辞典例句
• Even the foremen or first-level supervisors have a staffing responsibility. 甚至领班或第一线的监督人员也有任用的责任。 来自辞典例句

9 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

10 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

11 collateral   

adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品

参考例句：

• Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
• Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。

12 intervention   

n.介入，干涉，干预

参考例句：

• The government's intervention in this dispute will not help.政府对这场争论的干预不会起作用。
• Many people felt he would be hostile to the idea of foreign intervention.许多人觉得他会反对外来干预。

13 banking   

n.银行业，银行学，金融业

参考例句：

• John is launching his son on a career in banking.约翰打算让儿子在银行界谋一个新职位。
• He possesses an extensive knowledge of banking.他具有广博的银行业务知识。

14 investors   

n.投资者，出资者( investor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a con man who bilked investors out of millions of dollars 诈取投资者几百万元的骗子
• a cash bonanza for investors 投资者的赚钱机会