VOA新闻杂志2023 索马里去年约4.3万人死于干旱

A new report says an estimated 43,000 people died during Somalia's longest drought on record last year.

一份新的报告称，估计有4.3万人死于索马里去年有记录以来持续时间最长的旱灾。

Half of them were likely children under five years old.

其中一半可能是五岁以下的儿童。

It is the first official count of deaths announced in the drought that is affecting large parts of the Horn of Africa.

这是官方首次公布干旱造成的死亡人数。这场旱灾影响了非洲之角的大部分地区。

At least 18,000 people, and as many as 34,000, are predicted to die in the first six months of this year.

预计今年上半年至少会有1.8万人死亡，最多会有3.4万人死亡。

"The current crisis is far from over," says the report.

报告称：“当前的危机远未结束。”

It was released Monday by the World Health Organization and the United Nations children's agency.

周一，世界卫生组织和联合国儿童基金会发布了这份报告。

And it was carried out by the London School of Hygiene¹ and Tropical Medicine.

这项调查是由伦敦卫生与热带医学院进行的。

Somalia and neighboring Ethiopia and Kenya are facing a sixth consecutive² season with little rain.

索马里及其邻国埃塞俄比亚和肯尼亚正面临连续第六个少雨季节。

Rising world food prices and the war in Ukraine add to the hunger crisis.

世界粮食价格上涨和乌克兰战争加剧了饥饿危机。

The U.N. and partners earlier this year said they were no longer predicting an official famine declaration in Somalia for now.

联合国及其合作伙伴今年早些时候表示，他们目前不再预测索马里是否会正式宣布饥荒。

But they called the situation "extremely critical" with more than 6 million people hungry in that country alone.

但他们称，目前的形势“极其危急”，仅该国就有600多万人在挨饿。

Famine is the extreme lack of food and a high death rate from lack of food or nutrients³ combined with diseases like cholera⁴.

Famine是指极度缺乏食物，以及由于缺乏食物或营养物质，再加上霍乱等疾病而造成的高死亡率。

A famine declaration means information shows more than a fifth of households suffer from extreme food shortage, more than 30 percent of children are severely⁵ malnourished, and over two people out of 10,000 are dying every day.

宣布饥荒意味着有信息显示，超过五分之一的家庭遭受严重的食物短缺，超过30%的儿童严重营养不良，每天每万人中就有超过两人死亡。

"The risk of famine still remains," a U.N. representative in Somalia, Adam Abdelmoula, told reporters on Monday.

周一，联合国驻索马里代表亚当·阿布德尔穆拉告诉记者：“饥荒的风险依然存在。”

Some humanitarian⁶ and climate officials this year have warned that the changing situation is worse than the 2011 famine in Somalia.

一些人道主义和气候官员今年警告称，不断变化的局势比2011年索马里的饥荒更糟糕。

A quarter-million people died during that famine.

25万人死于那次饥荒。

"The death rate was increasing as the year came to a close," London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine professor Francesco Checchi told reporters.

伦敦卫生与热带医学院教授弗朗西斯科·切基告诉记者：“随着年底的临近，死亡率在上升。”

The hardest-hit populations are in Bay and Bakool in southwest Somalia and displaced people who went to the capital, Mogadishu.

受灾最严重的是索马里西南部的拜多亚和巴科尔的居民，以及前往首都摩加迪沙的流离失所者。

Millions of farm animals that are kept, raised, and used by people have also died in the current crisis.

人们饲养和使用的数以百万计的农场动物也在当前的危机中死亡。

And it is worsened by climate change and insecurity as Somalia battles thousands of fighters with al-Qaida's East Africa counterpart, al-Shabab.

由于索马里与东非基地组织青年党的数千名战斗人员交战，不安全局势加剧，再加上气候变化导致饥荒加重。

The U.N. migrations⁷ agency says 3.8 million people are displaced, a record high.

联合国移民机构表示，有380万人流离失所，创历史新高。

A food security examination released last month said nearly a half-million children in Somalia are likely to be severely malnourished this year.

上个月公布的一项食品安全检查报告显示，索马里今年可能有近50万儿童严重营养不良。

This time, the world is looking elsewhere, many humanitarian officials say.

许多人道主义官员说，这一次，世界把目光投向了其他地方。

"Many of the traditional donors⁸ have washed their hands and focused on Ukraine," Abdelmoula told the visiting U.S. ambassador to the U.N., Linda Thomas-Greenfield, during a meeting in Mogadishu in January.

今年1月，阿布德尔穆拉在摩加迪沙的一次会议上对来访的美国驻联合国大使琳达·托马斯·格林菲尔德说：“许多传统的捐赠者不再管索马里的问题了，而是把重点放在了乌克兰。”

I'm Gregory Stachel.

格雷戈里·施塔赫尔为您播报。

1 hygiene   

n.健康法，卫生学 （a.hygienic）

参考例句：

• Their course of study includes elementary hygiene and medical theory.他们的课程包括基础卫生学和医疗知识。
• He's going to give us a lecture on public hygiene.他要给我们作关于公共卫生方面的报告。

2 consecutive   

adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的

参考例句：

• It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
• The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。

3 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 cholera   

n.霍乱

参考例句：

• The cholera outbreak has been contained.霍乱的发生已被控制住了。
• Cholera spread like wildfire through the camps.霍乱在营地里迅速传播。

5 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

6 humanitarian   

n.人道主义者，博爱者，基督凡人论者

参考例句：

• She has many humanitarian interests and contributes a lot to them.她拥有很多慈善事业，并作了很大的贡献。
• The British government has now suspended humanitarian aid to the area.英国政府现已暂停对这一地区的人道主义援助。

7 migrations   

n.迁移，移居( migration的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• It foundered during the turmoils accompanying the Great Migrations. 它在随着民族大迁徙而出现的混乱中崩溃。 来自辞典例句
• Birds also have built-in timepieces which send them off on fall and spring migrations. 鸟类也有天生的时间感应器指导它们秋春迁移。 来自互联网

8 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》