VOA新闻杂志2023 大坝垮塌可能给乌克兰造成长期影响

大坝垮塌可能给乌克兰造成长期影响

The destruction¹ of the Kakhovka Dam in Ukraine caused widespread flooding and might cause long-term environmental damage.

乌克兰卡科夫卡大坝的损毁造成了大范围洪灾，并可能造成长期的环境破坏。

The Associated Press described some of the effects on the Dnieper River area recently. Here is what the AP found:

美联社最近描述了它对第聂伯河地区的一些影响。以下是美联社的发现：

Short term effects

短期影响

There are six dams along the Dnieper River. They were designed to operate together, so that water levels would remain more or less the same throughout the year. When Russian forces seized the Kakhovka Dam, the system fell into disrepair.

第聂伯河沿线有6座大坝。它们被设计为协同运行，以使全年的水位大致保持相同。当俄罗斯军队占领了卡科夫卡大坝时，该系统陷入了失修。

Whether done on purpose or carelessly, the Russian forces permitted water levels to rise and fall uncontrolled. They dropped dangerously low in winter and rose very high when snow melted, and spring rains filled the reservoir².

无论是蓄意还是无心的，俄罗斯部队允许水位不受控制地上升和下降。 水位在冬天降到危险的低位，又在雪融化时上升到很高，春雨灌满了水库。

Since the dam's collapse³, the running waters have unburied landmines⁴, destroyed weapons and ammunition⁵, and carried 150 tons of machine oil to the Black Sea. Whole towns were underwater, and thousands of animals died in a large national park now under Russian occupation.

自从大坝垮塌以来，奔涌的洪水冲出了地雷，毁坏了枪支弹药，并将150吨机油带到了黑海。整个城镇都被淹没，成千上万的动物在俄罗斯占领下的一个大型国家公园中丧生。

Oil can be seen on the water around flooded Kherson, the capital of southern Ukraine's province of the same name. Homes smell of rot as cars, first-floor rooms, and underground floors remain underwater. Large oil slicks can be seen across the river from the city's port and industrial buildings, creating a new pollution problem for the Dnieper.

赫尔松市的洪水水面上可以看到石油，该市是同名的赫尔松州的首府。房屋发出腐烂的气味，汽车、一楼的房间和地下室都还泡在水里。河里到处可以看到从该市的港口和工业建筑物泄漏的浮油，从而给第聂伯河造成新的污染问题。

Ukraine's Agriculture Ministry⁶ estimated⁷ 10,000 hectares of farmland were underwater in the territory of Kherson province controlled by Ukraine. It said, "many times more than that" in territory occupied by Russia.

乌克兰农业部估计在乌克兰控制的赫尔松州有1万公顷的农田被淹没。它表示，这比俄罗斯占领区要高出好多倍。

Farmers are already having problems. Dmytro Neveselyi, mayor⁸ of Maryinske village, said everyone in the community of 18,000 people will be affected⁹.

农民已经遇到麻烦了。Maryinske村村长德米特罗·尼维斯利表示，这个18000人社区的每个人都会受到影响。

"Today and tomorrow, we'll be able to provide the population with drinking water," he said. After that, who knows. "The canal that supplied our water reservoir has also stopped flowing."

他说：“今明两天，我们能够给人们提供饮用水。”在此之后就无人知晓了。“给我们蓄水池供水的管道也断水了。”

Long term effects

长期影响

The water level began to decrease on Friday, showing the environmental damage.

周五水位开始下降，环境损失显露了出来。

The reservoir could hold 18 cubic kilometers of water. The Kakhovka Dam was the last along hundreds of kilometers of the Dnieper River that passed through Ukraine's main industrial and agricultural areas. For many years, the Dnieper carried water containing industrial and agricultural chemicals which settled in the soil at the bottom of the reservoir.

这个水库可以容纳18立方千米的水。卡科夫卡大坝是长达数百公里，流经乌克兰主要工业和农业地区的第聂伯河上的最后一座大坝。多年以来，第聂伯河承载着含有工业和农业化学物质的水，这些化学物质沉积在大坝底部的土壤中。

Ukrainian officials are testing the soil for poisonous substances. It risks turning into poisonous dust with the arrival of summer, said Eugene Simonov. He is an environmental scientist with the Ukraine War Environmental Consequences Working Group, a non-profit organization of environmental activists¹⁰ and researchers.

乌克兰官员正在检测土壤中的有毒物质。尤金·西蒙诺夫表示，随着夏天的到来，它有可能会变成有毒粉尘。西蒙诺夫是乌克兰战争后果工作组的环境科学家，这是一个非营利的环境活动家和研究人员组织。

The amount of long-term damage depends on the movement of the front lines in an unpredictable war. It is unclear if the dam and reservoir can be brought back or if the land will become what it once was.

长期损害量取决于这场不可预测的战争的前线的运动。目前尚不清楚大坝和水库是否可以修复，也不清楚这片土地是否会恢复它曾经的样子。

Kateryna Filiuta is an expert in protected environments for the Ukraine Nature Conservation Group. She said it will take 10 years for the plant and animal populations to return and adjust to the new environment, and possibly longer for the Ukrainians who live there.

卡捷琳娜·菲柳察是乌克兰自然保护小组受保护环境部门的一名专家。她说，动植物种群需要10年的时间才能返回并适应新的环境，对于居住于此的乌克兰人来说可能需要更长时间。

In Maryinske, a farming community, people are going through records to find old water sources.

在Maryinske这个农业社区，人们正在翻看纪录以寻找旧的水源。

"Because a territory without water will become a desert," the mayor said.

该村村长表示：“因为缺水的地区将会变成沙漠。”

All of Ukraine will have to think about either rebuilding the reservoir or thinking differently about the area, its water supply and its plants and animals.

乌克兰各方面都必须考虑重建水库，或是为该地区及其供水和动植物另谋他路。

Filiuta said, "The worst consequences will probably not affect us directly, not me, not you, but rather our future generations, because this man-made disaster is not transparent¹¹."

菲柳察表示：“最严重的后果可能不会直接影响我们，不会影响到你我，而会影响到我们的后代，因为这场人为灾难是不透明的。”

1 destruction   

n.破坏，毁灭，消灭

参考例句：

• The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。
• Overconfidence was his destruction.自负是他垮台的原因。

2 reservoir   

n.水库，蓄水池；(人才等的)储藏，汇集

参考例句：

• The town is supplied with water from a reservoir.该城镇由小山中的一座水库供水。
• A large quantity of water is stored in the reservoir.水库存了大量的水。

3 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

4 landmines   

潜在的冲突； 地雷，投伞水雷( landmine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The treaty bans the use production and trade of landmines. 该条约规定，禁止使用地雷相关产品及贸易。
• One of the weapon's of special concern was landmines. 在引起人们特别关注的武器中就有地雷。

5 ammunition   

n.军火，弹药

参考例句：

• A few of the jeeps had run out of ammunition.几辆吉普车上的弹药已经用光了。
• They have expended all their ammunition.他们把弹药用光。

6 ministry   

n.(政府的)部；牧师

参考例句：

• They sent a deputation to the ministry to complain.他们派了一个代表团到部里投诉。
• We probed the Air Ministry statements.我们调查了空军部的记录。

7 estimated   

adj．根据估计的

参考例句：

• She estimated the breadth of the lake to be 500 metres. 她估计湖面大约有500米宽。
• The man estimated for the repair of the car. 那人估算了修理汽车的费用。

8 mayor   

n.市长

参考例句：

• The new mayor said he would clean the city up.新市长说，他要整顿本市。
• The mayor hurried into his office,brushing off the reporters.市长赶快走进办公室，拒不接见记者。

9 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

10 activists   

n.（政治活动的）积极分子，活动家( activist的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His research work was attacked by animal rights activists . 他的研究受到了动物权益维护者的抨击。
• Party activists with lower middle class pedigrees are numerous. 党的激进分子中有很多出身于中产阶级下层。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 transparent   

adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的

参考例句：

• The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明，可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
• The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。