VOA新闻杂志2023 乌克兰人长途跋涉逃离战乱

For Rima Yaremenko, the 5,000-kilometer journey to escape Russian occupation ended within sight of where it started. The 68-year-old Ukrainian woman crossed three countries over six days only to settle across the river from her seized hometown.

对里马·亚勒缅科来说，为逃离俄罗斯占领所进行的5000公里旅程在起点附近结束。这名68岁的乌克兰妇女在6天内穿越了三个国家，却在被占领的家乡的河对岸定居了下来。

She came a long way by bus through Russia, Latvia, and Poland to be this close. From the Ukrainian-controlled city of Kherson, where she now lives, the outline of Oleshky can be seen. But the community with a prewar population of 25,000 may as well be a world away.

她乘巴士穿越俄罗斯、拉脱维亚和波兰，走了很远的路，才走到这么近的地方。从她现在居住的乌克兰控制的赫尔松市可以看到奥列什基的轮廓。但这个战前人口为25000人的社区可能已经遥不可及。

Yaremenko lived under Russia's rule for 15 months. She dealt with the sounds of war just to be near her home. In June, the destruction¹ of the Kakhovka Dam caused massive² flooding and reduced her home to dirt.

亚列缅科在俄罗斯统治下生活了15个月。她忍受战火，只是为了离家近一点。6月，卡霍夫卡大坝被毁，引发了大规模洪水，她的家也被夷为平地。

She faced a difficult choice: Be homeless as the war continues nearby or take the only way out – a long and unclear journey through Russia. "We didn't want to go, but once we were flooded, I decided³ there's nothing to stay for," she said.

她面临着一个艰难的选择：要么在周边战火持续中无家可归，要么选择唯一的出路——穿越俄罗斯漫长而又未知的旅程。她说：“我们本来不想去，但当我们被洪水淹没，我就判定没有什么可以期待的了。”

Hundreds of others left too. They left their flooded homes to travel long distances of occupied land, past checkpoints, and through Russian cities, all to reach the borders of the European Union.

还有数百人也离开了。他们离开了被洪水淹没的家园，在被占领的土地上长途跋涉，经过检查站，穿过俄罗斯城市，这一切只为了抵达欧盟边境。

Now beyond the reach of Russian officials, escapees told The Associated Press about their lives under Russian occupation and their escape.

现在，在脱离俄罗斯官员控制的情况下，逃亡者向美联社讲述了他们在俄罗斯占领下的生活以及他们的逃亡。

Continuous⁴ shelling became too much for those already struggling with homelessness and limited drinking water. Most did not have the money to rebuild. Occupation officials offered $100 to deal with the flooding.

对于那些已经面临无家可归和饮用水缺乏的困境的人们来说，持续的炮击让他们变得绝望。大多数人没有资金重建家园。占领军官员发放了100美元用来应对洪水。

Lana, 43, left Oleshky on June 19 and arrived in Kherson a little over a week later. She said, "My house was unlivable." She added that water pipes were broken and dirty and there was human waste. She said, "It was impossible to breathe."

43岁的拉娜于6月19日离开奥列什基，一周多后抵达了赫尔松。她说：“我的房子住不成了。”她补充说，水管又脏又破，还有人类排泄物。她说：“这简直无法呼吸。”

At first, Ukrainians in occupied territories hoped the Ukrainian military would free them. But the longer they remained, the more they feared pressure to get Russian passports.

起初，被占领土上的乌克兰人希望乌克兰军方能解放他们。但他们留下的时间越长，就越害怕领取俄罗斯护照的压力。

The AP spoke⁵ to nine people who left Oleshky from June 13 to July 1. The only way out of the occupied part of the Kherson area was through Crimea, which Russia took from Ukraine in 2014.

美联社采访了于6月13日至7月1日期间离开奥列什基的9个人。离开这个赫尔松被占领地区的唯一途径是穿过克里米亚，俄罗斯于2014年从乌克兰手中夺取了克里米亚。

Travelers had to be processed in the town of Armyansk. Phones were inspected, and email passwords were collected. Those suspected of working with Ukrainian forces were questioned or detained⁶, in some cases never to be seen again.

旅行者必须在阿尔门扬斯克镇接受审查。手机被检查，电子邮件密码也交了上去。那些涉嫌勾结乌克兰军队的人被审问或拘留，在某些情况下再也见不到了。

Nelly Isaeva is the director of Helping⁷ to Leave, an organization that works⁸ remotely to help Ukrainians who want to escape Russian occupation. She said some are unable to pass simply because they lost their documents and have no money.

耐莉·伊萨耶娃是“帮助逃离”组织的负责人，该组织通过远程遥控来帮助想要逃离俄罗斯占领的乌克兰人。她说，有些人无法通过，仅仅是因为他们丢失了证件并且没有钱。

A woman who remains⁹ in Oelshky said life under occupation has become harder over time.

一位仍留在奥尔什基的妇女说，随着时间的推移，被占领下的生活变得越来越艰难。

The Russians "began to act more harshly¹⁰ than before," she said. She did not give her name out of fear for her safety. Russian soldiers now check the documents of locals, for example, when visiting the market.

她说，俄罗斯人“开始采取比以前更严厉的行动”。出于对自身安全的担忧，她没有透露姓名。例如去市场时，俄罗斯士兵现在会检查当地人的证件。

For that reason, the woman and her family avoid leaving the house. Many people get by on the food that remains after others leave. "They give us their stocks," she said.

因此，这名妇女和她的家人避免出门。许多人靠别人离开后剩下的食物维持生计。她说：“他们把自己那份给了我们，”她说。

1 destruction   

n.破坏，毁灭，消灭

参考例句：

• The enemy bombs caused widespread destruction.敌人的炸弹造成大面积的破坏。
• Overconfidence was his destruction.自负是他垮台的原因。

2 massive   

adj.巨大的，大规模的，大量的，大范围的

参考例句：

• A massive sea search has failed to find any survivors.经过大规模的海上搜救仍未找到幸存者。
• He drank a massive amount of alcohol.他喝了大量的烈酒。

3 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

4 continuous   

adj.继续的，连续的，持续的，延伸的

参考例句：

• She finally got in after 10 years'continuous effort.坚持不懈地努力了十年后，她终于当选了。
• We must be continuous to study.我们必须不断学习。

5 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

6 detained   

留住( detain的过去式和过去分词 )； 耽搁； 拘留； 扣留

参考例句：

• One man has been detained for questioning. 一个男人被拘留审问。
• He was kidnapped and briefly detained by a terrorist group. 他被一个恐怖组织绑架并短暂拘禁。

7 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

8 works   

n.作品，著作；工厂，活动部件，机件

参考例句：

• We expect writers to produce more and better works.我们期望作家们写出更多更好的作品。
• The novel is regarded as one of the classic works.这篇小说被公认为是最优秀的作品之一。

9 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

10 harshly   

ad.严厉地；苛刻地

参考例句：

• The grit beneath her soles grated harshly on the wooden deck. 粘在她鞋底的沙砾蹭在木甲板上发出刺耳的声音。
• We should not judge the young writers too harshly. 我们不应当对青年作家太苛求。