THIS IS AMERICA - Agricultural Fairs

THIS IS AMERICA - Agricultural Fairs
By Jerilyn Watson

Broadcast: Monday, October 11, 2004

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VOICE ONE:

Welcome to THIS IS AMERICA, in VOA Special English. I'm Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Faith Lapidus. It is October – time for some of America's thousands of agricultural fairs. Today we visit several of these yearly events.

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VOICE ONE:

All you need to enjoy yourself at an agricultural fair is a sense of history and a spirit of fun.

Music immediately surrounds you as you start your visit. It might be country music. Or it might be rock and roll, rap¹ or heavy metal. You can go and enjoy the music. Or you can try the rides.

 
Graphic² Image
Children laugh and shout on the Ferris wheel ride. Older boys and girls are holding hands as they reach the top.

VOICE TWO:

You can see dogs guiding sheep together into herds³. You can watch horses giving birth, or llamas jumping like great Olympic athletes. You can look at new home products or farm equipment. At some fairs, you can watch cars race – or crash into each other on purpose at events called demolition⁴ derbies.

Or maybe you just want to walk around and watch other people.

VOICE ONE:

It is easy to find a fair to attend in the United States. Several thousand such events take place. Almost all fifty states have a fair. They usually are held in August, September or October. Some fairs last up to three weeks. Local counties also hold fairs. Or several counties will join to organize a fair.

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VOICE TWO:

Come with us now to the event known as America's first fair. The York Fair in York, Pennsylvania, was first held in seventeen sixty-five. That was eleven years before the United States became a nation.

Now that you are here, we hope you are hungry. Eating is one of the most important activities at a fair. People compete to prepare the best foods. Judges choose the best dishes, like pies and cakes. Then you can buy them.

Over there are waffles, a kind of cake prepared in a special iron heater. The waffles have ice cream and fruit on top. Try some. Not too far from the waffles are custards, sweet puddings made of milk and eggs. And you can also buy cotton candy. This candy is made from colored liquid and lots of sugar.

VOICE ONE:

After you pay, the seller will hand you the candy on a paper stick. You try to chew it with your teeth. But cotton candy seems to disappear in your mouth. You are left with a mouthful of air and a very sweet taste.

But you do not want to eat just sweet food. The York Fair also has salty pretzels. A pretzel is kind of bread shaped like a loose knot.

And there are baked potatoes with all kinds of toppings.

VOICE TWO:

Like most such events, the York Fair is holding competitions for the best farm animals. More than ten thousand animals compete for awards at the nation's biggest fairs. Farmers whose animals win prizes can sell them for a lot of money. Young winners sometimes use the money to go to college.

Many children and young people whose animals compete at state and country fairs belong to group called the Four-H Clubs of America. The term Four-H means head, heart, hands and health.

Millions of young Americans take part in group activities. Many of them complete projects like raising and caring for a horse, cow or other animal.

Some of the animals that people see at the York Fair are not traditional farm animals. Sea lions perform, and a beekeeper brought almost two thousand of the insects to show and talk about. In the fair's Horticultural Hall, he explained how the bees produce honey.

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VOICE ONE:

Some competitions at the York Fair are funny. For example, there is judging for the strangest looking vegetable. This year, the award went to two carrots that grew together. They looked like a big orange pretzel.

Many people commented about the winner of the competition for the biggest pumpkin⁵. This orange fruit grows on a vine and is a traditional part of the Halloween celebration in late October. York's winning pumpkin this year weighed four hundred fifty kilograms.

York Fair's animal races are also organized in the spirit of fun. You can watch pigs racing⁶ each other. Or, there are also duck races. But you may have to wait awhile to see who – or what – wins. This is because the competitors sometimes do not run in a straight line.

VOICE TWO:

One of the rides at the York Fair is a mechanical bull⁷. This device looks like a male cow. It tries to throw off any rider who gets on. If riders can stay on for one and one-half minutes, they can take home a big toy animal.

One of the most unusual shows at the fair is called "Masters of the Chainsaw." In a performance lasting⁸ less than one hour, more than ten artists create sculptures from wood. They use only the sharp teeth of chainsaw cutting tools to produce these artworks.

 
Kid Rock
Like many other American fairs, the York event has some famous entertainers. This year, the star performers included Kid Rock, the country group Lonestar, Lynyrd Skynyrd and Clay Aiken. This young singer became famous on the "American Idol⁹" television program.

VOICE ONE:

Entertainers are not the only well-known people who attend fairs. Officials and political candidates often visit fairs, especially during elections years. Both local and national candidates speak to the crowds, shake hands and kiss babies.

For example, President Bush recently campaigned at the Farm Progress Show, a fair in Iowa. His Democratic opponent for president, Senator¹⁰ John Kerry, visited the Iowa State Fair.

VOICE TWO:

Food and animals are important parts of American agricultural fairs. But some people attend fairs especially to watch the car races. The DuQuoin State Fair is famous for such competition.

The fair opened in nineteen twenty-three in southern Illinois. Exciting auto¹¹ racing has been part of its events since its early days. At first, the racers competed on a track of one point three kilometers. People watched from a seating area made of wood. At the end of World War Two, building began on a track of more than one and one half kilometers. A new area for people to sit in also was added.

VOICE ONE:

The organizers of the famous Indianapolis Five Hundred Mile Race recognized DuQuoin's possibilities for major racing. By nineteen forty-eight, the American Automobile¹² Association had awarded the DuQuoin track two national championship races. Today, people come from far away to watch the car races at the Illinois State Fair at DuQuoin.

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VOICE TWO:

American fairs follow some of the traditions of fairs held in Europe in the eighteenth century. But the International Association of Fairs and Expositions¹³ says fairs took place long before that. The association says these events were held more than two thousand five-hundred years ago.

The Latin word feria, written f-e-r-i-a, means holy day. This may have been the root of the word fair. It meant a time when many people would gather for prayer. Some of the biggest fairs were in the ancient cities of Athens, Ninevah and Tyre.

VOICE ONE:

History played a big part in the recent New York State Fair. A Carriage Museum exhibited more than fifty vehicles pulled by horses. People acted the part of workers who made shoes for horses.

Visitors saw a camp like the ones cowboys had in the eighteen-eighties in the American West. American Indians demonstrated traditional dances and food preparation. Visitors were invited to taste the food. At the New York State Fair, like other American agricultural fairs, there was no reason why anyone should go home hungry.

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VOICE ONE:

Our program was written by Jerilyn Watson and produced by Caty Weaver¹⁴. I'm Steve Ember.

VOICE TWO:

And I'm Faith Lapidus. To send us e-mail, write to [email protected] And listen again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.

1 rap   

n.轻敲，拍击，责骂，厉声说出，说唱音乐，谈话，最少量；vi.轻敲，敲门，表演说唱音乐，畅谈；vt.抓，抢，拍击

参考例句：

• I heard a rap on the door.我听到有轻轻的敲门声。
• Today we are going to rap about relationships.今天我们要聊聊关系的问题。

2 graphic   

adj.生动的，形象的，绘画的，文字的，图表的

参考例句：

• The book gave a graphic description of the war.这本书生动地描述了战争的情况。
• Distinguish important text items in lists with graphic icons.用图标来区分重要的文本项。

3 herds   

兽群( herd的名词复数 )； 牧群； 人群； 群众

参考例句：

• Regularly at daybreak they drive their herds to the pasture. 每天天一亮他们就把牲畜赶到草场上去。
• There we saw herds of cows grazing on the pasture. 我们在那里看到一群群的牛在草地上吃草。

4 demolition   

n.破坏,毁坏,毁坏之遗迹

参考例句：

• The church has been threatened with demolition for years. 这座教堂多年来一直面临拆毀的威胁。
• The project required the total demolition of the old bridge. 该项目要求将老桥完全拆毁。

5 pumpkin   

n.南瓜

参考例句：

• They ate turkey and pumpkin pie.他们吃了火鸡和南瓜馅饼。
• It looks like there is a person looking out of the pumpkin!看起来就像南瓜里有人在看着你！

6 racing   

n.竞赛，赛马；adj.竞赛用的，赛马用的

参考例句：

• I was watching the racing on television last night.昨晚我在电视上看赛马。
• The two racing drivers fenced for a chance to gain the lead.两个赛车手伺机竞相领先。

7 bull   

n.公牛，买进证券投机图利者，看涨的人

参考例句：

• It's only a hair off a bull's back to them.这对他们来说，不过九牛一毛。
• Many dogs closed around the bull.很多狗渐渐地把那只牛围了起来。

8 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

9 idol   

n.偶像，红人，宠儿

参考例句：

• As an only child he was the idol of his parents.作为独子，他是父母的宠儿。
• Blind worship of this idol must be ended.对这个偶像的盲目崇拜应该结束了。

10 senator   

n.参议员，评议员

参考例句：

• The senator urged against the adoption of the measure.那参议员极力反对采取这项措施。
• The senator's speech hit at government spending.参议员的讲话批评了政府的开支。

11 auto   

n.(=automobile)(口语)汽车

参考例句：

• Don't park your auto here.别把你的汽车停在这儿。
• The auto industry has brought many people to Detroit.汽车工业把许多人吸引到了底特律。

12 automobile   

n.汽车，机动车

参考例句：

• He is repairing the brake lever of an automobile.他正在修理汽车的刹车杆。
• The automobile slowed down to go around the curves in the road.汽车在路上转弯时放慢了速度。

13 expositions   

展览

参考例句：

• a clear and detailed exposition of their legal position 对他们的法律处境清楚而详尽的说明
• His pictures were shown at the Paris exposition of 1878. 他的画在1878年巴黎博览会上展览过。 来自《简明英汉词典》

14 weaver   

n.织布工；编织者

参考例句：

• She was a fast weaver and the cloth was very good.她织布织得很快，而且布的质量很好。
• The eager weaver did not notice my confusion.热心的纺织工人没有注意到我的狼狈相。