大城市对周围农村农作物生长的影响

>

29 大城市对周围农村农作物生长的影响

DATE=5-29-01
TITLE=AGRICULTURE REPORT - Pollution and Crops
BYLINE=Jill Moss¹

（Start at 59" ）This is Bill White with VOA Special English Agriculture Report.
The World Bank says air pollution is one of the worst (1) environmental problems in large cities around the world. Air pollution causes (2) breathing problems.  It also threatens crop production in farm areas near huge cities. 
The United Nations Environment Program says that air pollution reduces the amount of crops produced.  It also reduces the (3) nutrient² level of crops.  As a result, both the buyer and the seller of crops are hurt by air pollution.
The U-N says dirty air is a major source of metal in crops.  These metals include （4）lead, zinc³ and copper⁴.  These metals can build up to dangerously high levels in the parts of plants that people eat.  The German Appropriate Technology Exchange, GATE, reports that eating these metals can cause developmental problems and low intelligence levels among children.  Some kinds of cancers and （5）kidney damage have also been linked to metals in crops.
The agricultural risks caused by dirty air have been linked to three major sources of pollution.  They are chemicals released by vehicles, factories, and fossil⁵ fuels, such as oil or coal. GATE reports that some of these chemical pollutants⁶ reduce crop production by forty percent or more. For example, pollution has seriously affected⁷ the production of rice and wheat in Lahore, (6) Pakistan.  And pollution has affected the production of some vegetables grown near Varanasi, India.
GATE says air pollution can also reduce the nutritional⁸ quality of crops.  It can even cause observable damage to the part of the crop that is eaten.  This increases the chances of insects or diseases after the crop is （7）harvested. The GATE report says air pollution also reduces the length of time that crops can be sold before they are no longer fresh. 
GATE says officials in developing countries need to approve policies to reduce air pollution.  They should set restrictions⁹ on the amount of pollution released into the air.  Officials also should identify the level at which metal in crops becomes dangerous.  And they should provide information about health risks from polluted crops.  GATE says this information will help people decide what kinds of crops they want to buy. 
This VOA Special English Agriculture Report was written by Jill Moss.

(1)  environmental[ in7vaiErEn5mentl ]adj.周围的, 环境的n.环境论
(2) breathing[ 5bri:TiN ]n.呼吸, 瞬间, 微风adj.呼吸的, 逼真的
(3) nutrient[ 5nju:triEnt ]adj.有营养的
(4) lead[li:d]n.铅
(5) kidney[ 5kidni ]n.肾, (动物可食用的)腰子, 个性
(6) Pakistan[ 7pB:kis5tB:n ]n.巴基斯坦(南亚国家)
(7) harvest[ 5hB:vist ]n.收获, 收成v.收获, 收割

 

1 moss   

n.苔，藓，地衣

参考例句：

• Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
• He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。

2 nutrient   

adj.营养的，滋养的；n.营养物，营养品

参考例句：

• Magnesium is the nutrient element in plant growth.镁是植物生长的营养要素。
• The roots transmit moisture and nutrient to the trunk and branches.根将水分和养料输送到干和枝。

3 zinc   

n.锌；vt.在...上镀锌

参考例句：

• Brass is formed by the fusion of copper and zinc.黄铜是通过铜和锌的熔合而成的。
• Zinc is used to protect other metals from corrosion.锌被用来保护其他金属不受腐蚀。

4 copper   

n.铜；铜币；铜器；adj.铜(制)的；(紫)铜色的

参考例句：

• The students are asked to prove the purity of copper.要求学生们检验铜的纯度。
• Copper is a good medium for the conduction of heat and electricity.铜是热和电的良导体。

5 fossil   

n.化石，食古不化的人，老顽固

参考例句：

• At this distance of time it is difficult to date the fossil.时间隔得这么久了，很难确定这化石的年代。
• The man is a fossil.那人是个老顽固。

6 pollutants   

污染物质（尤指工业废物）( pollutant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Pollutants are constantly being released into the atmosphere. 污染物质正在不断地被排放到大气中去。
• The 1987 Amendments limit 301(g) discharges to a few well-studied nonconventional pollutants. 1987年的修正案把第301条（g）的普通排放限制施加在一些认真研究过的几种非常规污染物上。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

7 affected   

adj.不自然的，假装的

参考例句：

• She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。
• His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

8 nutritional   

adj.营养的，滋养的

参考例句：

• A diet lacking in nutritional value will not keep a person healthy.缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
• The labels on food products give a lot of information about their nutritional content.食品上的标签提供很多关于营养成分的信息。

9 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制