恐龙的鼻孔应该位于口部上方

57 恐龙的鼻孔应该位于口部上方

DATE=8-23-01
TITLE=SCIENCE REPORT - Dinosaur¹ Noses
BYLINE=George Grow

（Start at 1'01" ）This is Bill White with the VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT.
An American scientist has found that many images of (1)dinosaurs² may be wrong. For years, pictures of the ancient (2)creatures have shown their nose openings near the top of the head.  The new study suggests the dinosaurs' (3)nostrils⁴ were just above the mouth. 
Dinosaurs used their nostrils to breathe, smell and control their body temperature.  The new theory could help explain how the huge creatures were able to (4)survive by using their sense of smell to find food, a mate and possible enemies.
Lawrence Witmer of Ohio University in Athens, Ohio led the study.  The (5)publication Science reported his findings.  
Many of the early dinosaur remains⁵ recovered by scientists were from huge creatures called (6)sauropods.  Scientists believed that sauropods must have lived in water because their bodies were so huge and their necks were so long. 
Nostrils high on the head would have permitted the dinosaurs to breathe while partly under water.  The discovery of a sauropod head bone in Eighteen-Eighty-Four added support for this belief.  The skull⁶ had a large hole at the top of the head.
Professor Witmer says experts learned years later that sauropods generally were not sea creatures.  But he says the earlier theory about nostril³ position was extended to other dinosaurs.
Only dinosaur bones have survived as (7)fossil remains.  Scientists have never recovered dinosaur remains of soft (8)tissue.  Scientists interested in the physical appearance of dinosaurs often study birds and animals similar to the ancient creatures. Professor Witmer examined forty-five kinds of birds, (9)crocodiles and (10)lizards that are the closest living relatives to dinosaurs.  He noted⁷ the placement of soft tissue through hundreds of x-ray images and by cutting pieces of tissue.  
Soft tissue leaves markings on bone.  Professor Witmer used this information to make a map of the likely position of soft tissue in the dinosaurs' noses.  He found that the birds and (11)reptiles he studied share a common nostril position.
Professor Witmer found that the hole scientists once thought was a nostril in dinosaurs is just one part of the larger nasal (12)passage.  He found that the nostrils were farther forward and closer to the mouth.  He says this new nostril position was true for all dinosaurs.
This VOA Special English SCIENCE REPORT was written by George Grow.

(1)  dinosaur[ 5dainEsC: ]n.恐龙
(2)  creature[ 5kri:tFE ]n.人, 动物, 傀儡, 创造物
(3) nostril[ 5nCstril ]n.鼻孔
(4) survive[ sE5vaiv ]v.幸免于, 幸存, 生还
(5) publication[ 7pQbli5keiFEn ]n.出版物, 出版, 发行, 公布, 发表
(6) sauropod[ 5sC:rEpCd ]n.& adj.[动]蜥脚类动物( 的)
(7) fossil[ 5fCsl ]n.化石, 僵化的事物adj.化石的, 陈腐的, 守旧的
(8) tissue[ 5tisju: ]n.薄的纱织品, 薄纸, 棉纸, [生]组织, 连篇
(9) crocodile[ 5krCkEdail ]n.鳄鱼, 鳄鱼皮
(10)  lizard[ 5lizEd ]n.[动]蜥蜴
(11) reptile[ 5reptail ]n.爬虫动物, 卑鄙的人adj.爬行的, 爬虫类的, 卑鄙的
(12)  passage[ 5pAsidV ]n.通过, 经过, 通道, 通路, (一)段, (一)节

 

1 dinosaur   

n.恐龙

参考例句：

• Are you trying to tell me that David was attacked by a dinosaur?你是想要告诉我大卫被一支恐龙所攻击？
• He stared at the faithful miniature of the dinosaur.他凝视著精确的恐龙缩小模型。

2 dinosaurs   

n.恐龙( dinosaur的名词复数 )；守旧落伍的人，过时落后的东西

参考例句：

• The brontosaurus was one of the largest of all dinosaurs. 雷龙是所有恐龙中最大的一种。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Dinosaurs have been extinct for millions of years. 恐龙绝种已有几百万年了。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 nostril   

n.鼻孔

参考例句：

• The Indian princess wore a diamond in her right nostril.印弟安公主在右鼻孔中戴了一颗钻石。
• All South American monkeys have flat noses with widely spaced nostril.所有南美洲的猴子都有平鼻子和宽大的鼻孔。

4 nostrils   

鼻孔( nostril的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Her nostrils flared with anger. 她气得两个鼻孔都鼓了起来。
• The horse dilated its nostrils. 马张大鼻孔。

5 remains   

n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹

参考例句：

• He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
• The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。

6 skull   

n.头骨；颅骨

参考例句：

• The skull bones fuse between the ages of fifteen and twenty-five.头骨在15至25岁之间长合。
• He fell out of the window and cracked his skull.他从窗子摔了出去，跌裂了颅骨。

7 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。