美国总统西奥多·罗斯福（二）

43 美国总统西奥多·罗斯福（二）

DATE=7-12-2001
TITLE=THE MAKING OF A NATION #149 - THEODORE ROOSEVELT, PART 2 BYLINE=FRANK¹ BEARDSLEY

Voice one:
     The making of a nation -- a program in Special English by the Voice Of America.   (THEME)   Theodore Roosevelt became President of the United States at the beginning of the twentieth century.  It was a time of great (1)technological progress in the United States.  Yet many people felt there was too little social progress.  They demanded (2)reforms in politics, industry, and the use of natural resources.
      Theodore Roosevelt supported the call for reforms.  His first target was big business. 
      I'm Harry² Monroe.  Today, Kay Gallant³ and I continue the story of Roosevelt's (3)Administration. 
     Voice two: 
     In the early nineteen-hundreds, a group of wealthy American businessmen agreed to join their railroads⁵.  They formed a company, or (4)trust, to control the joint⁶ railroad⁴.  The new company would have complete control of rail (5)transportation in the American west.  There would be no (6)competition.
      President Roosevelt believed the new company (7)violated the (8)Sherman Anti-trust Law.  The law said it was (9)illegal for businesses to interfere⁷ with (10)trade among the states.  Roosevelt said he would make no (11)compromises in (12)enforcing the law.  He asked the (13)Supreme⁸ Court to break up the Railroad Trust. 
     "We are not," Roosevelt said, "attacking these big companies.  We are only trying to do away with any (14)evil in them.  We are not (15)hostile to them.  But we believe they must be controlled to serve the public good."
      Voice one:
      The Supreme Court ruled against the Railroad Trust.  In the next few years, other trusts would be broken up in the same way.  The American people called this trust-busting.  And they called Theodore Roosevelt the trust-buster.
      Roosevelt made several speeches explaining his position on big business.  Everywhere he went, he found wide public support. Later, he told a friend why people liked him so well.  He said: "I put into words what is in their hearts and minds...but not in their mouths."
     Voice two: 
     President Roosevelt won even more public support for his actions during a labor⁹ (16)crisis in the coal industry.  The incident was one of many in American history in which a President had to decide if he should interfere in private industry.
      Coal (17)miners¹⁰ went on strike in the spring of Nineteen-Oh-Two. They demanded more pay and safer working conditions.  Mine owners refused to (18)negotiate.  One even (19)insulted the miners.  He said: "The rights and interests of the laboring¹¹ man will be protected and cared for.  It will not be the Labor (20)Activists who take care of him.  It will be the (21)christian men to whom god in his great wisdom has given the control of the property interests of this country."
      This self-serving use of (22)religion made many Americans support the striking¹² workers. 
      Voice one:
   Ofter several months, President Roosevelt invited coal mine owners and Union Leaders to a meeting in Washington.  He asked them to keep in mind that a third group was (23)involved in their (24)dispute:  the public.  He warned that the nation faced the possibility of a winter without heating¹³ (25)fuel.       Roosevelt said:  "I did not call this meeting to discuss your claims and positions.  I called it to (26)appeal to your love of country."
      The Union Leaders said they were willing to have the President (27)appoint an (28)independent (29)committee to settle the strike.  They said they would accept the committee's decision as final.  The mine owners (30)rejected the idea.  One warned the President not even to talk about it.  Such talk, he said, was illegal interference¹⁴ in private industry.
   Voice two: 
     That made Theodore Roosevelt angry.  Later, he said:  "If it were not for the high office I held, I would have taken him by the seat of the pants and the (31)nape of the neck and thrown him out the window."
      Finally, Roosevelt got both sides to agree to a (32)compromise.  Mine owners agreed to have an independent committee study the miners' demands.  And the miners' agreed to return to work until the study was completed.
      Several months later, the report was ready.  The committee (33)proposed that miners accept a smaller pay increase in (34)exchange for improved working conditions.  Both sides accepted the (35)proposal¹⁵.  The coal strike ended.         Voice one: 
     Not everyone was happy.  Many people still felt Roosevelt had no right to interfere.  Roosevelt (36)disagreed.  "My business," he said, "is to see fair play among all men - (37)capitalists or wage-workers.  All I want to do is see that every man has a fair deal.  No more, no less."  Roosevelt believed the United States needed a strong leader.  He planned to strengthen the (38)presidency whenever he could.
      Roosevelt was an active, (39)noisy man.  As one writer described him: "Theodore is always the center of action.  When he goes to a wedding, he wants to be the bride.  When he goes to a (40)funeral, he wants to be the dead man."
      Many of Roosevelt's friends thought he was an over-grown boy. "You must always remember," one said, "that the President is about six years old."  Another friend sent this message to Roosevelt on his forty-sixth birthday:  "you have made a very good start in life.  We have great hopes for you when you grow up."
      Voice two:
      Theodore Roosevelt loved outdoor activities.  He especially loved the natural beauty of the land.  He worried about its future. Roosevelt wrote:  "I recognize the right and duty of this (41)generation to develop and use the natural riches of our land. But I do not recognize the right to waste them, nor to rob -- by wasteful¹⁶ use -- the generations that come after us."       Roosevelt set aside large areas of forest land for national use. He created fifty special areas to protect wildlife.  And he (42)established a number of national parks.
      Voice one:
      Theodore Roosevelt faced the (43)responsibilities of foreign (44)policy with the same strength he used in facing national problems.  He firmly believed in (45)expanding American power in the world.  "We have no choice," he said, "as to whether or not we will play a great part in the world.  All that we can decide is whether we will play our part well or poorly."
      To play well, Roosevelt said, the United States needed a strong (46)navy¹⁷.  It also needed a canal across central America so the navy could sail quickly between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. 
     Voice two: 
     For many years, people had dreamed of such a waterway.  With a canal across central America, ships could sail directly from ocean to ocean.  They would not have to make the long, costly¹⁸ (47)voyage around the southern end of South America. 
     The most likely place to build such a canal was at the thinnest point of land:  (48)Panama.  Another possible place was just to the north:  (49)Nicaragua. 
     Over the years, several (50)attempts were made to build the canal.       Voice one:
      In the Eighteen-Eighties, Ferdinand De Lesseps -- builder of the (51)Suez Canal -- formed a French company to build a waterway across Panama.  De lesseps spent three-hundred-million dollars to build just one-third of the canal.  He could get no more money.  His company failed.
      In the Eighteen-Nineties, an American company tried to build a canal across Nicaragua.  It made little progress.  After three years, it gave up the attempt.  When Theodore Roosevelt became President in the early nineteen-hundreds, he was ready to try again.
      Voice two:
      A study was made to decide which would be a better place for the canal -- Panama or Nicaragua.  Engineers said it would cost less to complete the canal De Lesseps had started twenty years earlier in Panama.  But De Lesseps' company still owned the land on which the canal would be built.  The United States would have to buy the land, as well as the rights to build the waterway.       The study decided¹⁹ it would be less costly, (52)overall, to build the canal in Nicaragua.  The proposal went to the United States (53)Congress for approval²⁰.  That will be our story next week.
      (THEME)
      Voice one:
      You have been listening to the Special English program, the making of a nation.  Your (54)narrators were Harry Monroe and Kay Gallant.  Our program was written by Frank Beardsley.

(1)technological [ 7teknE5lCdVikEl ]adj.科技的
(2)reform [ ri5fC:m ]n.改革
(3)administration [ Edminis5treiFEn ]n.政府
(4)trust [ trQst ] n.托拉斯; 操纵某种行业的组合; 企业联合
(5)transportation [ 7trAnspC:5teiFEn ]n.运输
(6)competition [ kCmpi5tiFEn ]n.竞争, 竞赛
(7)violate [ 5vaiEleit ]vt.违反
(8)Sherman Anti-trust Law n.谢尔曼反托拉斯法
(9)illegal [ i5li:^El ]adj.违法的
(10)trade [ treid ]n.贸易
(11)compromise [ 5kCmprEmaiz ]n.折衷
(12)enforce [ in5fC:s ]vt.执行
(13)Supreme Court n.最高法院
(14)evil [ 5i:vl ] n.不幸
(15)hostile [ 5hCstail ]adj.敌对的
(16)crisis [ 5kraisis ]n.危机
(17)miner [ 5mainE ]n.矿工
(18)negotiate [ ni5^EuFieit ]v.谈判
(19)insult [ 5insQlt ] vt.侮辱, 凌辱
(20)activist [ 5Aktivist ]n.激进主义分子
(21)Christian [ 5kristjEn ] adj.信基督教的
(22)religion [ ri5lidVEn ]n.宗教, 信仰
(23)involved [ in5vClvd ]adj.有关的
(24)dispute [ dis5pju:t ] n.争论
(25)fuel [ fjuEl ]n.燃料
(26)appeal [ E5pi:l ] vi.诉请
(27)appoint [ E5pCint ]vt.指定
(28)independent [ indi5pendEnt ]n.中立派
(29)committee [ kE5miti ]n.委员会
(30)reject [ ri5dVekt ] vt.抵制
(31)nape [ neip ]n.项, 颈背
(32)compromise [ 5kCmprEmaiz ]n.妥协
(33)propose [ prE5pEuz ]vt.建议
(34)exchange [ iks5tFeindV ] n.交换
(35)proposal [ prE5pEuzEl ]n.提议, 建议
(36)disagreed [ 7disE5^ri: ]vi.不认同
(37)capitalist [ 5kApitElist ]n.资本家
(38)presidency [ 5prezidEnsi ]n.任期
(39)noisy [ 5nCizi ]adj.聒噪的
(40)funeral [ 5fju:nErEl ]n.葬礼, 出殡
(41)generation [ 7dVenE5reiFEn ]n.一代, 一代人
(42)establish [ is5tAbliF ]vt.建立
(43)responsibility [ ris7pCnsE5biliti ]n.责任, 职责
(44)policy [ 5pClisi ]n.政策, 方针
(45)expand [ iks5pAnd ]vt.扩张
(46)navy [ 5neivi ]n.海军
(47)voyage [5vCIIdV]n.航程
(48)Panama [ 7pAnE5mB: ]n.巴拿马(位于中美洲的国家)
(49)Nicaragua [ 7nikE5rB:^wE, 7nikE5rA^juE ]n.[国名] 尼加拉瓜
(50)attempt [ E5tempt ]n.努力, 尝试, 企图
(51)Suez Canal n.苏伊士运河(埃及东北部)
(52)overall [ 5EuvErC:l ]adj.全部的, 全面的
(53)congress [ 5kCN^res ]n. (美国等国的)国会, 议会
(54)narrator [nE5reItE(r)] n. 讲述者，叙述者

1 frank   

adj.坦白的，直率的，真诚的

参考例句：

• A frank discussion can help to clear the air.坦率的谈论有助于消除隔阂。
• She is frank and outgoing.她很爽朗。

2 harry   

vt.掠夺，蹂躏，使苦恼

参考例句：

• Today,people feel more hurried and harried.今天，人们感到更加忙碌和苦恼。
• Obama harried business by Healthcare Reform plan.奥巴马用医改掠夺了商界。

3 gallant   

adj.英勇的，豪侠的；(向女人)献殷勤的

参考例句：

• Huang Jiguang's gallant deed is known by all men. 黄继光的英勇事迹尽人皆知。
• These gallant soldiers will protect our country.这些勇敢的士兵会保卫我们的国家的。

4 railroad   

n.铁路；vi.由铁路运输

参考例句：

• The railroad connects two cities,namely,New York and Chicago.这条铁路连接两个城市，即纽约与芝加哥。
• My brother is working on the railroad.我兄弟在铁路系统工作。

5 railroads   

n.铁路，铁道( railroad的名词复数 )；铁路系统v.铁路，铁道( railroad的第三人称单数 )；铁路系统

参考例句：

• Water transportation was outmoded by railroads and good pikes. 水上运输已因铁路和良好的税道而变得过时了。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• A severe snowstorm blocked up railroads. 一场暴风雪使铁路中断。 来自《简明英汉词典》

6 joint   

adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合

参考例句：

• I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
• We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

7 interfere   

v.(in)干涉，干预；(with)妨碍，打扰

参考例句：

• If we interfere, it may do more harm than good.如果我们干预的话，可能弊多利少。
• When others interfere in the affair,it always makes troubles. 别人一卷入这一事件，棘手的事情就来了。

8 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

9 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

10 miners   

矿工( miner的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The coal miners have come out for about two weeks. 煤矿工人已罢工约两周了。
• The roof of the cave dropped in on the miners, trapping them. 洞穴的顶部坍了下来，砸在矿工身上。

11 laboring   

n.劳动，操劳v.努力争取(for)( labor的现在分词 )；苦干；详细分析；（指引擎）缓慢而困难地运转

参考例句：

• The young man who said laboring was beneath his dignity finally put his pride in his pocket and got a job as a kitchen porter. 那个说过干活儿有失其身份的年轻人最终只能忍辱，做了厨房搬运工的工作。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• But this knowledge did not keep them from laboring to save him. 然而，这并不妨碍她们尽力挽救他。 来自飘（部分）

12 striking   

adj.显著的，惹人注目的，容貌出众的

参考例句：

• There is a striking difference between Jane and Mary.简和玛丽之间有显著的差异。
• What is immediately striking is how resourceful the children are.最令人注目的是孩子们的机智聪明。

13 heating   

n.加热，供暖，暖气装置；adj.加热的，供暖的

参考例句：

• They will install a heating and lighting system in our house.他们将在我们家装上供热供电系统。
• If the pressure is too low,the heating system will act up.如果压力太低，供暖系统就会出毛病。

14 interference   

n.干涉，介入；阻碍，干扰

参考例句：

• I couldn't hear the program because there was too much interference.因干扰太大，我听不清节目。
• We oppose interference by any outside force.我们反对任何外来势力插手干预。

15 proposal   

n.提议，建议；求婚

参考例句：

• I feel that we ought to accept his proposal.我觉得我们应该接受他的建议。
• They could not gain over anyone to support their proposal.他们无法争取到支持他们建议的人。

16 wasteful   

adj.（造成）浪费的，挥霍的

参考例句：

• It is a shame to be so wasteful.这样浪费太可惜了。
• Duties have been reassigned to avoid wasteful duplication of work.为避免重复劳动浪费资源，任务已经重新分派。

17 navy   

n.海军，海军人员，海军军力，藏青色

参考例句：

• My brother is in the navy.我兄弟在海军服役。
• He has transferred from the army to the navy.他从陆军转到海军。

18 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

19 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

20 approval   

n.赞成，同意；批准，认可

参考例句：

• The audience has expressed its approval.观众已经认可。
• The teacher signed his approval.老师做了手势表示同意。