研究人员提出防治卵巢囊肿

Researcher Blueprints² Ovarian Cancer Tumors研究人员提出防治卵巢囊肿

Ovarian cancer is called a “silent killer” because by the time symptoms appear and diagnosis⁴ is made, it is generally too late for a cure.
Last year, 22,000 women were diagnosed with the disease in the United States; 14,000 of them died.
Laura Shawver, a scientist cancer researcher and commercial drug developer, is fighting back by offering ovarian cancer patients a molecular⁵ profile or blueprint¹ of their tumor³.
“The the same treatment that’s been around for at least 30 years," she says. "We all get surgery and we all get chemotherapy. Most people have a response, and we think we’re cured.”
Shawver is one of the few lucky ones. Ovarian cancer returns in 75 percent of patients.
Clearity Foundation founder⁶ Laura Shawver finishes a charity run for molecular profiling of ovarian cancer patients.
“When we recur⁷ that’s when the guesswork comes in.” Shawver says that’s because ovarian tumors differ so widely from each other and respond differently to drugs. So, women end up going through round after round of different chemotherapy drugs. “It’s a random⁸ selection and, unfortunately, that means that the patient frequently gets toxicity⁹ without benefit.”
That has been Sheila Connor’s experience. She was diagnosed with late-stage ovarian cancer in 2007. After initial surgery and chemotherapy, the cancer returned four times over four years.
“The longest remission I had was about eight months,” says Connor.
She tried a battery of drugs. One would work for a time. Another would complicate¹⁰ her illness. “All the skin on my hands and feet peeled off, and I had mouth sores from it that I had to be hospitalized because I couldn’t eat. I couldn’t eat anything without pain medicine.”
Connor recently left a clinical trial because her cancer had progressed. She's decided¹¹ to stop treatment.
Shawver believes the one-size-fits-all treatment approach doesn’t work. “There’s probably a better choice when they recur - and the chemo agents that are available, the molecular targeted agents that are available, the clinical trials that are available - should all be taken into consideration when faced with recurrent disease.”
In 2007, Shawver started the Clearity Foundation. The nonprofit offers ovarian cancer patients a molecular profile, or blueprint, of their tumor. That helps target drug therapy to a specific tumor.
Profiles are available for other cancers, but this is the first time it’s being applied¹² to ovarian cancer.
Clearity compares the diseased ovarian tumor to others in its database. That suggests which of the dozen or so drugs regularly used for ovarian cancer might be most effective, based on their success in similar cases.
The foundation also screens for biological markers, which can indicate how a tumor will respond to certain chemotherapy agents. This opens options to try other cancer-fighting drugs.
That profiling wasn’t available when Sheila Connor's cancer first recurred¹³. She says it’s a tool that can help patients make informed decisions. “If you had some idea, whether you would respond to these drugs you could try something else, try another standard drug and then if the other standard drugs don’t work, then I know that I need to get on a clinical trial.”
That is how Shawver is determined¹⁴ to change the way ovarian cancer is treated: one patient at a time. “In order to for the paradigm¹⁵ to really shift, we need for every woman who has recurring¹⁶ ovarian cancer to be willing to get her tumor profiled, to be willing to get on the right clinical trial and to really educate themselves about what are the treatment options.”
Shawver says this approach not only improves the quality of life for women with recurring ovarian cancer, it can also lead to the development of specific new drugs for the often deadly disease.

1 blueprint   

n.蓝图，设计图，计划；vt.制成蓝图，计划

参考例句：

• All the machine parts on a blueprint must answer each other.设计图上所有的机器部件都应互相配合。
• The documents contain a blueprint for a nuclear device.文件内附有一张核装置的设计蓝图。

2 blueprints   

n.蓝图，设计图( blueprint的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Have the blueprints been worked out? 蓝图搞好了吗？ 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• BluePrints description of a distributed component of the system design and best practice guidelines. BluePrints描述了一个分布式组件体系的最佳练习和设计指导方针。 来自互联网

3 tumor   

n.（肿）瘤，肿块(英)tumour

参考例句：

• He was died of a malignant tumor.他死于恶性肿瘤。
• The surgeons irradiated the tumor.外科医生用X射线照射那个肿瘤。

4 diagnosis   

n.诊断，诊断结果，调查分析，判断

参考例句：

• His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的症状无法作出明确的诊断。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做一次彻底的调查分析。

5 molecular   

adj.分子的；克分子的

参考例句：

• The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
• For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。

6 Founder   

n.创始者，缔造者

参考例句：

• He was extolled as the founder of their Florentine school.他被称颂为佛罗伦萨画派的鼻祖。
• According to the old tradition,Romulus was the founder of Rome.按照古老的传说，罗穆卢斯是古罗马的建国者。

7 recur   

vi.复发，重现，再发生

参考例句：

• Economic crises recur periodically.经济危机周期性地发生。
• Of course,many problems recur at various periods.当然，有许多问题会在不同的时期反复提出。

8 random   

adj.随机的；任意的；n.偶然的(或随便的)行动

参考例句：

• The list is arranged in a random order.名单排列不分先后。
• On random inspection the meat was found to be bad.经抽查，发现肉变质了。

9 toxicity   

n.毒性，毒力

参考例句：

• The hoarse grunt or squeal is characteristic of toxicity.嘶哑的哼声和叫声是中毒的特征。
• Dieldrin is related to aldrin,and its toxicity to earthworms is similar.狄氏剂与艾氏剂有关，对蚯蚓的毒性是相似的。

10 complicate   

vt.使复杂化，使混乱，使难懂

参考例句：

• There is no need to complicate matters.没有必要使问题复杂化。
• These events will greatly complicate the situation.这些事件将使局势变得极其复杂。

11 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

12 applied   

adj.应用的；v.应用，适用

参考例句：

• She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
• This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。

13 recurred   

再发生，复发( recur的过去式和过去分词 )； 治愈

参考例句：

• Old memories constantly recurred to him. 往事经常浮现在他的脑海里。
• She always winced when he recurred to the subject of his poems. 每逢他一提到他的诗作的时候，她总是有点畏缩。

14 determined   

adj.坚定的；有决心的

参考例句：

• I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
• He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。

15 paradigm   

n.例子，模范，词形变化表

参考例句：

• He had become the paradigm of the successful man. 他已经成为成功人士的典范。
• Moreover,the results of this research can be the new learning paradigm for digital design studios.除此之外，本研究的研究成果也可以为数位设计课程建立一个新的学习范例。

16 recurring   

adj.往复的，再次发生的

参考例句：

• This kind of problem is recurring often. 这类问题经常发生。
• For our own country, it has been a time for recurring trial. 就我们国家而言，它经过了一个反复考验的时期。