VOA常速英语2013--WHO将为发展中国家提供更多医疗服务

 

WHO Launches Plan for Better Health Care in Developing Countries WHO将为发展中国家提供更多医疗服务

Major donors² are changing the way they fund health programs in low-income countries. The results in maternal³ and child health have been so successful that the World  Bank and the Global Fund are working together to add programs on AIDS, tuberculosis⁴ and malaria⁵. The change in financing focuses on motivating health care workers to  provide better care and on helping⁶ patients obtain it.

孕妇在生孩子时若能得到好的医疗护理，并有训练有素的助产士或医生在身边，母婴都更容易存活。

When pregnant women get good health care and have a trained midwife or doctor at their side when giving birth, mothers and babies are more likely to survive.

And when children get vaccinated⁷ against preventable diseases and get quality care when they're sick, they're more likely to reach their fifth birthday.  当孩子获得预防疾病的疫苗，生病时获得高质量的护理，他们就更可能活到五岁。

The World Health Organization said that last year, 6.5 million children did not live to see their fifth birthday.  世界卫生组织称去年有650万儿童没有活到五岁。

Children born in sub-Saharan Africa have the greatest risk of dying in their first five years. Most of the deaths are preventable.

出生在撒哈拉南部非洲的孩子在5岁之前死亡的几率最高，大多数死亡是可以预防的。

The World Bank and other major donors have launched a plan to help children survive.

世界银行和其他主要捐赠者发起了帮助儿童存活的计划。

Tim Evans, who heads the program at the World Bank, said, “We want women to have access to ante-natal [post-birth] care. We want children who are born with a skilled  birth attendant, with access to emergency obstetric care. If we want that coverage⁸ for the population, how do we organize the system and invest in it in such a way to  achieve those results?”

提姆·伊万斯是世界银行这个项目的负责人，“我们要给妇女提供产前产后护理，希望在熟练接生员帮助下诞生的孩子能得到紧急产科保健。如果我们想给人们提供这样的服务，那么该如何 组织该系统并进行投资，从而实现这样的结果呢？”

The plan is called "results-based financing." It links incentives¹⁰ with results. For example, in some countries, women are paid to have their babies in a hospital.  Midwives get extra money for delivering healthy babies. Doctors might get extra pay if they immunize a certain number of children.

这个计划叫做“结果基础上的融资”，将激励和结果联系在一起。比如在一些国家，妇女将婴儿送到医院是可以获得报酬的，助产士接生出健康婴儿就可获得额外收入，医生给一定数量的儿 童提供免疫服务就可获得额外收入。

The program provides incentives to direct medical care to patients or get the patient to the clinic.   "It’s a function of giving an incentive⁹ to those people on the ground to solve those problems, because the incentive for them is to achieve the results," said Evans.

这个项目给对病人提供直接的医疗护理或送病人到诊所这样的行为提供激励，“其功能就是给那些解决这些问题的人提供激励，因为激励他们是为了实现结果。”

Aid can also target programs in middle-income countries. Babies are most vulnerable in the first 28 days of life. The incentive program helped Argentina reduced infant  deaths by 74 percent.   援助也为中等收入国家提供这样的项目，婴儿在出生后的前28个周最脆弱，这个激励项目帮助阿根廷将婴儿死亡率降低了74%。

Since 2007, the World Bank has funded results-based programs in 31 countries, enough to see that the program saves lives and stretches donor¹ funds.  2007年以来，世界银行在31个国家资助了结果为基础的项目，足以看出该项目能拯救生命，并节省捐赠者的资金。

The Bank is now collaborating¹¹ with the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria - to help it adopt results-based financing in fighting these deadly  diseases.  该行目前与全球基金合作抗击艾滋、肺结核和疟疾，在对抗这些致命疾病上帮助采取结果为基础的融资。

Other major funding groups also are studying the plan. Similar programs might help keep girls in school where they can learn job skills and, at the same time,  discourage child marriages and prevent teen pregnancy¹². The end result would be healthier mothers and babies.

其他的大融资组织也在研究该计划，类似的项目或许能帮助女孩能继续上学，学习工作技能，同时不鼓励流产并预防青少年怀孕。最终结果是让母亲和婴儿更加健康。

1 donor   

n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体

参考例句：

• In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
• The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。

2 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

3 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。

4 tuberculosis   

n.结核病，肺结核

参考例句：

• People used to go to special health spring to recover from tuberculosis.人们常去温泉疗养胜地治疗肺结核。
• Tuberculosis is a curable disease.肺结核是一种可治愈的病。

5 malaria   

n.疟疾

参考例句：

• He had frequent attacks of malaria.他常患疟疾。
• Malaria is a kind of serious malady.疟疾是一种严重的疾病。

6 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

7 vaccinated   

[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的

参考例句：

• I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

8 coverage   

n.报导，保险范围，保险额，范围，覆盖

参考例句：

• There's little coverage of foreign news in the newspaper.报纸上几乎没有国外新闻报道。
• This is an insurance policy with extensive coverage.这是一项承保范围广泛的保险。

9 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

10 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

11 collaborating   

合作( collaborate的现在分词 )； 勾结叛国

参考例句：

• Joe is collaborating on the work with a friend. 乔正与一位朋友合作做那件工作。
• He was not only learning from but also collaborating with Joseph Thomson. 他不仅是在跟约瑟福？汤姆逊学习，而且也是在和他合作。

12 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。