VOA常速英语2015==专家称法国袭击案部分归因于文化差异

 

Experts: France Attack Part of Cultural Disconnect 专家称法国袭击案部分归因于文化差异

LONDON—

The attack on the French satirical newspaper Charlie Hebdo in Paris on Wednesday was not the first such clash between the European media and militant¹ Islamists.

As thousands in France and other countries gathered to mourn the people killed on Wednesday, they engaged in a little ‘freedom of expression’ of their own.

在法国等国，数千人聚集起来哀悼周三的遇难者，他们进行小规模的“言论自由”。

Some carried a cartoon reading “Love is Stronger than Hate,” while others held up homemade signs saying, among other things, “Freedom of the Press is Priceless.”

有的人拿着写着“爱比恨更有力”的卡通画，也有人举着自制的标语，上面写道，在所有东西中，“出版自由是最无价的。”

But not everyone agrees with that.

但不是每个人都赞同这一点。

This was the second attack on the Paris satirical newspaper. A Danish newspaper’s cartoons about the Prophet Muhammad caused protests in many countries, and several violent incidents in 2005.

这是巴黎这家讽刺报纸遭受的第二次袭击，2005年，丹麦一家报纸上有关先知穆罕默德的漫画在多个国家引发抗议，还出现几起暴力事件。

And a Dutch filmmaker was killed in 2004 after producing a documentary about the treatment of Muslim women.

2004年，一名荷兰制片人因拍摄有关穆斯林妇女所受待遇的纪录片被杀。

Experts say the violence is part of a clash of values between the Western view of press freedom and traditional Islamic views placing more emphasis on respect for authority, and particularly religious figures, and barring use of the human form in art.

专家说出现暴力事件是因为西方出版自由观点与传统的伊斯兰观点相冲突的结果，后者更注重对权威的尊敬，尤其是宗教人物，并禁止在艺术中使用这种人物。

“When that is pushed to the limit, provocatively² in satirical media, it’s almost a God-sent excuse for radicals³ to jump on these kind of matters,” said Carool Kersten, a senior lecturer on Islam at London’s King’s College.

Carool Kersten是伦敦国王学院伊斯兰教高级讲师，“一旦到了极限，那么讽刺媒体上的挑衅行为，就会成为让极端分子跳出来做这些暴力行为的上帝给予的借口。”

But he is quick to add that the views of the militants⁴ do not reflect the thinking of most Muslims.

但他很快表示，这些武装分子的观点并不能反映大多数穆斯林的观点。

“You could see it also today in the social media that a lot of Muslims admitted they felt offended for any satire⁵ that involved the Prophet, but they would never, ever see that as condoning⁶ killing⁷ those who made those pictures,” he said.

“你能看到今天在社交媒体上很多穆斯林承认对那些有关先知的讽刺画感到不舒服，但他们从未认为杀害画画者是值得宽恕的。”

Indeed, officials and religious leaders in several Muslim countries, including Libya, condemned⁸ the Paris attack.

确实，几个穆斯林国家的官员和宗教领袖，包括利比亚在内，都谴责了巴黎袭击案。

The murdered cartoonists of Charlie Hebdo and their colleagues engaged in a hard-hitting, no-holds-barred form of satire. They tweeted this caricature of the leader of the Islamic State militant group shortly before the attack.

查理周刊被杀的漫画家及同事们进行了激烈的、无拘无束的讽刺，他们在袭击发生前将有关IS武装组织领导人的漫画发在推特上。

Gavin Evans, a journalist and senior lecturer at the London School of Journalism⁹, sees this as  a “part of journalism."  He says the cartoon "is part of the tradition of journalism, going back hundreds of years."

“我认为这是新闻业的部分传统，可以追溯到几百年前。”加万·伊万斯是伦敦新闻学院的记者兼高级讲师，他通过Skype接受了采访。

“People who believe they are beyond having fun poked¹⁰ at them deserve to have fun poked at them," he said. "And I think that’s part of this kind of cartooning."

“那些认为这些卡通画不仅是在取笑自己的人应该被嘲笑，我认为这是这类卡通画的部分含义。”

Evans points out that Charlie Hebdo also made fun of other religions, and even lampooned¹¹ the pope. Now, he’s concerned that journalists will be more timid.

伊万斯指出，查理周刊还取笑了其他宗教，甚至还嘲笑教皇，现在他担心记者们会变得胆小。

“Any editor who has a cartoonist who is likely to depict¹² anything relating to fundamentalist Islam is now more likely to be cautious because of this kind of reaction,” he said.

“那些手下有可能画任何原教旨主义伊斯兰教漫画漫画家的编辑们都会因为此类事件更加谨慎。”

Some newspaper editors decided¹³ not to print the Charlie Hebdo cartoons about Islam. But for now, there is no such timidity at London’s Independent newspaper, which had a front-page cartoon of its own with a message for terrorists so strong it cannot be broadcast.

有的报纸编辑决定不再在查理周刊上印刷有关伊斯兰教的漫画，但就目前来说，伦敦的独立报还没有这么胆怯，该报头版上就有自己的漫画，这就向恐怖分子传达了有力的信息。

1 militant   

adj.激进的，好斗的；n.激进分子，斗士

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals.一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。
• He is a militant in the movement.他在那次运动中是个激进人物。

2 provocatively   

参考例句：

• Democracy or dictatorship, the golden ships still hung in the sky and shone provocatively. 民主也好，独裁也罢，那些金晃晃的飞船依然高悬天际，闪熠发光，向我们挑衅。 来自英汉非文学 - 科幻

3 radicals   

n.激进分子( radical的名词复数 )；根基；基本原理；[数学]根数

参考例句：

• Some militant leaders want to merge with white radicals. 一些好斗的领导人要和白人中的激进派联合。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The worry is that the radicals will grow more intransigent. 现在人们担忧激进分子会变得更加不妥协。 来自辞典例句

4 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

5 satire   

n.讽刺，讽刺文学，讽刺作品

参考例句：

• The movie is a clever satire on the advertising industry.那部影片是关于广告业的一部巧妙的讽刺作品。
• Satire is often a form of protest against injustice.讽刺往往是一种对不公正的抗议形式。

6 condoning   

v.容忍，宽恕，原谅( condone的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• I'm not condoning what he did, all right? 我并不是宽恕他的所作所为，好吗？ 来自电影对白
• Communist Party conservatives abhor the idea of condoning explicIt'sex. 党内的保守势力痛恨对赤裸性爱内容的宽容。 来自互联网

7 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

8 condemned   

adj. 被责难的, 被宣告有罪的 动词condemn的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• He condemned the hypocrisy of those politicians who do one thing and say another. 他谴责了那些说一套做一套的政客的虚伪。
• The policy has been condemned as a regressive step. 这项政策被认为是一种倒退而受到谴责。

9 journalism   

n.新闻工作，报业

参考例句：

• He's a teacher but he does some journalism on the side.他是教师，可还兼职做一些新闻工作。
• He had an aptitude for journalism.他有从事新闻工作的才能。

10 poked   

v.伸出( poke的过去式和过去分词 )；戳出；拨弄；与（某人）性交

参考例句：

• She poked him in the ribs with her elbow. 她用胳膊肘顶他的肋部。
• His elbow poked out through his torn shirt sleeve. 他的胳膊从衬衫的破袖子中露了出来。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 lampooned   

v.冷嘲热讽，奚落( lampoon的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• His cartoons mercilessly lampooned the politicians of his time. 他的漫画毫不留情地嘲讽了他那个年代的政治人物。
• He was lampooned for his political views. 他的政治观点使他成了受奚落的对象。 来自辞典例句

12 depict   

vt.描画，描绘；描写，描述

参考例句：

• I don't care to see plays or films that depict murders or violence.我不喜欢看描写谋杀或暴力的戏剧或电影。
• Children's books often depict farmyard animals as gentle,lovable creatures.儿童图书常常把农场的动物描写得温和而可爱。

13 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。