VOA常速英语2015--美国官员表示空袭后"伊斯兰国"武装分子已处于劣势

US Officials: IS Militants¹ Losing Territory After Strikes 美国官员表示空袭后"伊斯兰国"武装分子已处于劣势

U.S. military officials said Islamic State militants have lost more than one-quarter of the territory they had gained in their campaign to create an Islamic caliphate. A U.S. defense² official Monday said this is the result of a combined effort of coalition³ air strikes and a ground operation by Iraqi armed forces.

A new map released by the Pentagon shows that Iraqi forces regained⁴ key territories in the north, near Tikrit, Sinjar Mountain and the Mosul Dam.

五角大楼公布的一份新地图显示伊拉克部队收复了提克里特，辛加尔山及摩苏尔大坝附近的北部关键地区。

Pentagon spokesman Col. Steve Warren told Alhurra television Monday that Islamic State lost control of nearly 15,000 square kilometers of the territory it had captured since last August.

五角大楼发言人史蒂夫·沃伦上校周一透过自由电视台表示极端恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”已经失去自去年8月占领近15000平方公里的领土。

"In Tikrit, as you know, we are concluding a very successful operation to liberate⁵ that city from the clutches of Daesh [Islamic State], and that operation has been largely successful. There are small parts of Tikrit which remain somewhat contested, primarily because Daesh left so many booby traps, so many IEDs [improvised explosive device] and perhaps a few fighters, snipers and such that remain really only in the northern portion of Tikrit," he said.

“在提克里特,如你所知,我们即将结束一次从“伊斯兰国”的魔爪解放城市非常成功的行动,这次行动取得了极大的成功。提克里特的一些地方仍有小规模战事,主要是因为这个组织在提克里特北部地区留下非常多的饵雷,还有很多的简易爆炸装置,或是一些战士,狙击手等。”

Efforts to push back Islamic State in Syria have been less successful, Warren said.

沃伦表示打击叙利亚极端恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”的行动一直不太成功。

"In Syria, ISIL has had some small gains in the city of Damascus and a little bit in the south, also a little bit in Aleppo, but ISIL has also lost some ground in Syria as well, particularly around Kobani. The difference is that in Iraq, the coalition air power is being supported by the brave soldiers of the Iraqi security forces," he explained.

“在叙利亚,大马士革，南部以及阿勒颇仍有部分小股“伊斯兰国”势力,但这个极端恐怖组织也已经在叙利亚失利,尤其是科巴尼周围。而不同的是在伊拉克,联军空中力量得到了伊拉克英勇安全部队士兵们的支持。”

Warren said the coalition strategy is to prevent the militants from creating a safe haven⁶ in Syria while pushing them out of Iraq.

沃伦表示联盟的战略是在将这些激进分子赶出伊拉克时防止他们在叙利亚建造一处安全避风港。

Some analysts⁷ said the real test in this battle against Islamic State will be in predominantly Sunni areas of Mosul and Anbar province.

一些分析师表示打击极端恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”所面临的真正考验是逊尼派为主的摩苏尔和安巴尔省。

"Who knows when that will actually happen because if Iraq wants to do this right, it can't do it with Shia militias⁸. It can't go into neighborhoods that are predominantly Sunni [Muslim] and run roughshod over these communities," said Brian Katulis, with Center for American Progress.

“谁知道什么时候会发生,因为如果伊拉克想要进行打击,就不能与什叶派民兵有所接触。不能让军队进入这些主要是逊尼派的社区。”

United Nations chief Ban Ki-moon welcomed the liberation of Tikrit, but expressed alarm at the reports of human rights violations⁹ and destruction of property perpetrated by militias fighting alongside Iraqi forces.

联合国秘书长潘基文对于解放提克里特感到高兴,但对于并肩作战民兵和伊拉克军队侵犯人权及破坏财产的报道提出警告。

One way to prevent ethnic¹⁰ violence in areas freed from Islamic State is to form local army units to defend their own ethnic or religious communities.

一种防止在解放极端恐怖组织“伊斯兰国”地区间种族暴力流血事件的方法是当地军队保护自己的民族或宗教团体。

“Iraq doesn't really have that now,” noted¹¹ Michael O’Hanlon, Brookings Institution. “And the current approach seems to be to try and create this ecumenical, multi-ethnic army that is a truly national force and will deploy¹² from anywhere to anywhere within Iraq."

“伊拉克现在真的没有。当前的方法似乎是在试图创建这支普通,多民族融合的军队,这是真正的国家力量而且可以在伊拉克任何地方进行部署。”

The militants still control large swaths of northern Iraq, including many oil refineries¹³ that help finance their campaign.

武装分子仍然控制伊拉克北部的广大地区,包括资助他们行动的许多炼油厂。

1 militants   

激进分子，好斗分子( militant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The militants have been sporadically fighting the government for years. 几年来，反叛分子一直对政府实施零星的战斗。
• Despite the onslaught, Palestinian militants managed to fire off rockets. 尽管如此，巴勒斯坦的激进分子仍然发射导弹。

2 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

3 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

4 regained   

复得( regain的过去式和过去分词 )； 赢回； 重回； 复至某地

参考例句：

• The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上大多数人已重获自由。
• She hesitated briefly but quickly regained her poise. 她犹豫片刻，但很快恢复了镇静。

5 liberate   

v.解放，使获得自由，释出，放出；vt.解放，使获自由

参考例句：

• They did their best to liberate slaves.他们尽最大能力去解放奴隶。
• This will liberate him from economic worry.这将消除他经济上的忧虑。

6 haven   

n.安全的地方，避难所，庇护所

参考例句：

• It's a real haven at the end of a busy working day.忙碌了一整天后，这真是一个安乐窝。
• The school library is a little haven of peace and quiet.学校的图书馆是一个和平且安静的小避风港。

7 analysts   

分析家，化验员( analyst的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• City analysts forecast huge profits this year. 伦敦金融分析家预测今年的利润非常丰厚。
• I was impressed by the high calibre of the researchers and analysts. 研究人员和分析人员的高素质给我留下了深刻印象。

8 militias   

n.民兵组织，民兵( militia的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The troops will not attempt to disarm the warring militias. 部队并不打算解除战斗中的民兵武装。 来自辞典例句
• The neighborhood was a battleground for Shiite and Sunni militias. 那里曾是什叶派和逊尼派武装分子的战场。 来自互联网

9 violations   

违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸

参考例句：

• This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
• These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。

10 ethnic   

adj.人种的，种族的，异教徒的

参考例句：

• This music would sound more ethnic if you played it in steel drums.如果你用钢鼓演奏，这首乐曲将更具民族特色。
• The plan is likely only to aggravate ethnic frictions.这一方案很有可能只会加剧种族冲突。

11 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

12 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

13 refineries   

精炼厂( refinery的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The efforts on closedown and suspension of small sugar refineries, small saccharin refineries and small paper mills are also being carried out in steps. 关停小糖厂、小糖精厂、小造纸厂的工作也已逐步展开。
• Hence the sitting of refineries is at a distance from population centres. 所以，炼油厂的厂址总在远离人口集中的地方。