VOA常速英语2015--避免意外怀孕及其风险

避免意外怀孕及其风险

A new study says the vast majority of unwanted pregnancies¹ every year could be avoided if women had access to modern contraception. The findings appear in the online version of Human Reproduction.

一项新研究表明，如果妇女能获得现代化的避孕手段，每年相当大部分的意外怀孕都可避免。这一发现发表在《人类生殖》的网络版上。

The study used demographic and health surveys in 35 low and middle income countries. That represents one-third of the world’s population. It says 15 million of the 16.7 million unwanted pregnancies every year could be prevented.

研究使用了35个中低收入国家的人口统计和健康调查，这些国家的人口占了全世界人口的三分之一，研究称在每年1670万意外怀孕中，有1500起是可以预防的。

Dr. Howard Sobel is one of the authors. He’s regional coordinator² of the reproductive, maternal³, newborn, child and adolescent division at the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific Regional Office. He spoke⁴ from the Philippines capital, Manila.

霍华德·索贝尔博士是作者之一，他是世界卫生组织西太平洋区域办事处生殖、孕产妇、新生儿、儿童和青少年部的地区协调员，他在菲律宾首都马尼拉接受了我们的采访。

“We looked at the risk of getting pregnant if they did not use any contraceptives. And we looked at the risk of getting pregnant if they used traditional methods like calendar rhythm method and withdrawal⁵, meaning that before ejaculation the person pulls out. And we compared that to those that used modern methods.”

“我们调查了如果不使用任何避孕手段造成的怀孕风险，然后看如果使用传统手段，怀孕的风险有多大，这些传统手段包括月经周期表记载法和射精之前抽出法。我们将这些数据与使用现代手段的结果进行对比。”

Modern methods include pills, implants⁶, injectable contraceptives and IUD’s or intrauterine devices.

现代化的手段包括服药、植入、避孕针和宫内避孕器。

Dr. Sobel said many women who have unintended pregnancies face – what he calls -- a stark⁷ future.

索贝尔博士称，很多意外怀孕的妇女都面临严酷的未来。

“Let’s just take their life potential. For every child that you have in a poor family – it’s another mouth to feed, meaning that you have to spend more of the money toward that. Poor people end up having more difficulty in getting their children through school. They have higher dropout⁸ rates, lower educational potential and ultimately lower earnings⁹ potential. So, the cycle of poverty continues,” he said.

“让我们看看她们可能的命运，对贫困家庭的每个孩子来说，就是一张需要喂养的嘴巴，这意味着你必须花更多的钱。最终穷人在孩子上学方面会更艰难，他们的辍学率更高，教育潜能更低，最终赚的钱也更少，所以贫困的循环还会继续。”

And then, there’s the health risk.

同时还有健康风险。

“We’re looking at a very high rate of increased risk for the mother of dying and being malnourished. We’re looking at the same type of risk for every child also. When you have undesired pregnancies it affects the family. It affects governments and it affects society. If we could address this then we could have a dramatic improvement in basically development worldwide,” he said.

“我们看到母亲死亡和营养不良的风险很高，我们也研究了每个孩子所面临的同类风险，如果出现意外怀孕，就会影响整个家庭，影响政府和社会。如果我们能解决这个问题，那么就能从基本上促进全世界的发展。”

He said that greater access to modern contraception would also result in a large drop in the number of abortions¹⁰.

他说，现代化避孕手段更容易获得，就会使得堕胎率大幅度降低。

The study said women were asked to give the main reason for not using contraception.

这份研究称还调查了妇女们不适用避孕手段的原因。

 

“The top reasons are really around myths and misperceptions. The number one and number two reason, which we lumped together, is fear of side effects and health concerns. The risk is not very high of health effects. Certainly getting pregnant – it’s going to be something very taxing for anybody. And if it’s an undesired pregnancy¹¹ or two or three, that obviously has a bigger impact on health.”

“主要原因是谬见和误解，最重要的两个原因，我们总结了以下，是害怕副作用和健康考虑。在健康方面的风险不是很大，当然如果怀孕的话对每个人来说都是沉重的负担，如果是意外怀孕，那么显然对健康的影响更大。”

1 pregnancies   

怀孕，妊娠( pregnancy的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Since the wartime population needed replenishment, pregnancies were a good sign. 最后一桩倒不失为好现象，战时人口正该补充。
• She's had three pregnancies in four years. 她在四年中怀孕叁次。

2 coordinator   

n.协调人

参考例句：

• The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
• How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室？

3 maternal   

adj.母亲的，母亲般的，母系的，母方的

参考例句：

• He is my maternal uncle.他是我舅舅。
• The sight of the hopeless little boy aroused her maternal instincts.那个绝望的小男孩的模样唤起了她的母性。

4 spoke   

n.（车轮的）辐条；轮辐；破坏某人的计划；阻挠某人的行动 v.讲，谈（speak的过去式）；说；演说；从某种观点来说

参考例句：

• They sourced the spoke nuts from our company.他们的轮辐螺帽是从我们公司获得的。
• The spokes of a wheel are the bars that connect the outer ring to the centre.辐条是轮子上连接外圈与中心的条棒。

5 withdrawal   

n.取回，提款；撤退，撤军；收回，撤销

参考例句：

• The police were forced to make a tactical withdrawal.警方被迫进行战术撤退。
• They insisted upon a withdrawal of the statement and a public apology.他们坚持要收回那些话并公开道歉。

6 implants   

n.（植入身体中的）移植物( implant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Hormone implants are used as growth boosters. 激素植入物被用作生长辅助剂。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Perhaps the most far-reaching project is an initiative called Living Implants From Engineering (LIFE). 也许最具深远意义的项目，是刚刚启动的建造活体移植工程 (LIFE)。 来自英汉非文学 - 生命科学 - 医学的第四次革命

7 stark   

adj.荒凉的；严酷的；完全的；adv.完全地

参考例句：

• The young man is faced with a stark choice.这位年轻人面临严峻的抉择。
• He gave a stark denial to the rumor.他对谣言加以完全的否认。

8 dropout   

n.退学的学生；退学；退出者

参考例句：

• There is a high dropout rate from some college courses.有些大学课程的退出率很高。
• In the long haul,she'll regret having been a school dropout.她终归会后悔不该中途辍学。

9 earnings   

n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得

参考例句：

• That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
• Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。

10 abortions   

n.小产( abortion的名词复数 )；小产胎儿；（计划）等中止或夭折；败育

参考例句：

• The Venerable Master: By not having abortions, by not killing living beings. 上人：不堕胎、不杀生。 来自互联网
• Conclusion Chromosome abnormality is one of the causes of spontaneous abortions. 结论：染色体异常是导致反复自然流产的原因之一。 来自互联网

11 pregnancy   

n.怀孕，怀孕期

参考例句：

• Early pregnancy is often accompanied by nausea.怀孕早期常有恶心的现象。
• Smoking during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage.怀孕期吸烟会增加流产的危险。