VOA常速英语2016--卢布贬值影响俄罗斯餐饮行业

卢布贬值影响俄罗斯餐饮行业

Moscow's casual dining scene has grown exponentially in the past decade, but Russia'seconomic decline, the drop in the value of the ruble and high inflation are taking a toll¹. IgorBukharov, president of the Russian Federation² of Restaurateurs & Hoteliers, estimatedthat as many as 30 percent of restaurants in Moscow this year might be forced to close asRussians tighten³ their belts. The restaurants close down not only because of a high rent or lowpurchase power of the population, but because of our gastronomic⁴ culture as people come tothe restaurants not just to dine, but they come for leisure time. Bukharov said midrangerestaurants are suffering the most as Russians look to cheaper fast food to save money. Manylandlords peg⁵ restaurant space to U.S. dollars or euros, so the drop in the value of the Russiancurrency effectively doubled their rates. Anton Lyalin, managing partner of steakhouse chainTorro Grills⁶, says he have not choice but to cut costs. But any crisis turns you to be morecreative, to be more efficient. We have to see where we spend money in terms of labor⁷. Wehave to see where our costs are and we have to cut them. To still survive, we have torenegotiate our deals about rent, which was a big deal for the last two months in the wholeindustry. Lyalin sources meat locally, so, unlike European-themed restaurants, he was notterribly hurt by Russia's ban on Western food imports. But a newer seafood⁸ restaurant itopened, featuring lobster⁹, had to switch to Russian crab¹⁰ after authorities put a stop tolobster imports. For Muscovites who want to cook at home but may not be great at it, KaterinaCronstedt, founded an online dinner kit¹¹ delivery service. It's becomes too expensive to go torestaurants, but people still want high-quality food, which we can offer them. And, since we'rebased in a restaurant, an existing restaurant that has been around for 15 years, we haveaccess to professionals, we have access to great quality meats and fish, which you cannot getin the shop. Cronstedt, a Swedish citizen born in Russia, is managing director of family-runKaterina Hotels. She says that while occupancy rates in her hotel chain have gone downslightly, her dinner kit delivery service is booming. Restaurant owners say that despite thepain of the economic downturn, the cost-cutting and competition will ultimately benefitconsumers as their spending focuses on the best quality for the best price.

虽然在过去的10年中，莫斯科餐饮业发展迅猛，但俄罗斯的经济疲软、卢布的贬值、高通货膨胀率已经开始产生负面影响。据俄罗斯酒店和餐饮业经营者协会主席Igor Bukharov估计，今年莫斯科有30%的餐厅可能因俄罗斯人民的勒紧腰带过日子而被迫关门。这些餐厅关门不仅是因为房租高、消费低，还因为俄罗斯的饮食文化里，人们到餐厅不只是用餐，还为了休闲。

Igor称，中档餐厅受影响最大，因为俄罗斯民众为了省钱，都去便宜的快餐店。很多房东要求餐厅老板以美元或欧元方式支付，所以卢布贬值让餐厅偿付率加倍。牛排餐厅Torro Grills连锁店的股东安东说，我们别无选择，只能削减成本。但任何危机都能让你变得更有创造力、更高效。我们会去审视劳动力方面的支出。会去看支出在了哪些地方，并进行削减。但是为了经营下去，我们还是要跟房东讲价。跟房东讲价已经成了过去两个月以来餐饮行业的头等大事。Lyalin餐厅一直都从本地上货肉类，所以它不像欧洲主题的那些餐厅一样，并没有因为俄罗斯禁止进口西方食物而受到大幅影响。但还有一个新开的海鲜餐厅就没这么幸运了，这家餐厅主营龙虾，但在当地政府发布进口禁令后，就转为螃蟹了。卡捷琳娜为想在家里做饭却不太擅长做饭的人创立了在线下单的晚餐配送服务。去餐厅吃饭越来越贵，但人们还想要优质食物，而我们就能做到这一点。而且我们本身就是一家有15年创办历史的餐厅，能接触到餐饮业专业人士、优质肉类和鱼类，而这些都是在商店里买不到的。卡捷琳娜是瑞典人，在俄罗斯长大，目前是卡捷琳娜家族饭店的总经理。她说，虽然饭店的上座率微有降低，但配送服务却增势迅猛。餐厅老板们纷纷表示，经济衰退、成本削减和竞争激烈对消费者有好处，因为他们能以最便宜的价钱获得最优质的服务。

1 toll   

n.过路(桥)费；损失，伤亡人数；v.敲(钟)

参考例句：

• The hailstone took a heavy toll of the crops in our village last night.昨晚那场冰雹损坏了我们村的庄稼。
• The war took a heavy toll of human life.这次战争夺去了许多人的生命。

2 federation   

n.同盟，联邦，联合，联盟，联合会

参考例句：

• It is a federation of 10 regional unions.它是由十个地方工会结合成的联合会。
• Mr.Putin was inaugurated as the President of the Russian Federation.普京正式就任俄罗斯联邦总统。

3 tighten   

v.(使)变紧；(使)绷紧

参考例句：

• Turn the screw to the right to tighten it.向右转动螺钉把它拧紧。
• Some countries tighten monetary policy to avoid inflation.一些国家实行紧缩银根的货币政策，以避免通货膨胀。

4 gastronomic   

adj.美食（烹饪）法的，烹任学的

参考例句：

• The gastronomic restaurant is a feature of the hotel. 美食餐厅是这家饭店的一个特色。 来自互联网
• The restaurant offers a special gastronomic menu. 这家餐馆备有一份特别的美食菜单。 来自互联网

5 peg   

n.木栓，木钉；vt.用木钉钉，用短桩固定

参考例句：

• Hang your overcoat on the peg in the hall.把你的大衣挂在门厅的挂衣钩上。
• He hit the peg mightily on the top with a mallet.他用木槌猛敲木栓顶。

6 grills   

n.烤架( grill的名词复数 )；（一盘）烤肉；格板；烧烤餐馆v.烧烤( grill的第三人称单数 )；拷问，盘问

参考例句：

• Backyard barbecue grills could be proscribed. 里弄烤肉店会被勒令停业的。 来自辞典例句
• Both side inlets have horizontal grills and incorporate impressive fog lamps. 两侧进气口的水平烤架并纳入令人印象深刻的雾灯。 来自互联网

7 labor   

n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦

参考例句：

• We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
• He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。

8 seafood   

n.海产食品，海味，海鲜

参考例句：

• There's an excellent seafood restaurant near here.离这儿不远有家非常不错的海鲜馆。
• Shrimps are a popular type of seafood.小虾是比较普遍的一种海味。

9 lobster   

n.龙虾，龙虾肉

参考例句：

• The lobster is a shellfish.龙虾是水生贝壳动物。
• I like lobster but it does not like me.我喜欢吃龙虾，但它不适宜于我的健康。

10 crab   

n.螃蟹，偏航，脾气乖戾的人，酸苹果；vi.捕蟹，偏航，发牢骚；vt.使偏航，发脾气

参考例句：

• I can't remember when I last had crab.我不记得上次吃蟹是什么时候了。
• The skin on my face felt as hard as a crab's back.我脸上的皮仿佛僵硬了，就象螃蟹的壳似的。

11 kit   

n.用具包，成套工具；随身携带物

参考例句：

• The kit consisted of about twenty cosmetic items.整套工具包括大约20种化妆用品。
• The captain wants to inspect your kit.船长想检查你的行装。