VOA常速英语2017--美国呼吁发展女性维和人员

Women and girls living in conflict areas are frequently the targets of specific forms of violence and abuse. Thus women develop a unique perspective on the causes and effects of conflict on the population. Yet they are severely¹ under-represented during efforts to resolve hostilities² and on missions devoted³ to peacekeeping.

在冲突高发地区生活的女性总是成为特殊形式暴力和虐待的目标。因此，女性对于她们所遭受的冲突的因果关系有了一种独特的视角。不过，在应对针对女性的敌意方面以及执行维和任务方面，女性的参与率严重不足。

The United States helps address this gap through the Global Peace Operations Initiative, or GPOI, which was founded in 2004. This U.S.-funded security assistance program works with 53 partner governments to help stabilize⁴ countries in conflict, and helps support United Nations and regional peace operations.

美国于2004年成立《全球和平行动倡议》(GPOI)，并通过该倡议弥合女性参与率过低的缺口。由美国进行资助的安全援助项目与53个政府合作，帮助身陷冲突的国家实现稳定，并协助支持联合国和地区的维和行动。

One of GPOI's key tenets is to engage, consult and protect women in all aspects of peace operations. The inclusion of a greater number of women in peace operations, to include peacekeeping, makes those operations more effective by ensuring that the needs and talents of local women are seen and considered. Women peacekeepers can also do things like address the needs of female ex-combatants during the process of demobilization and reintegration into civilian⁶ life, interview survivors⁷ of gender⁸-based violence, and make the peacekeeping force more approachable to the entire population. Lastly, women peacekeepers can and do serve as role models to empower local women, writes Dana Houk of the State Department's Office of Global Programs and Initiatives, a sub-division of the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs.

《全球和平行动倡议》的主要目标之一就是让女性参与到维和行动的各个方面，寻求他们的意见，同时为她们提供保护。让更多的女性参与到维和行动中，能够提高维和行动的效率，确保当地女性的需求和天赋都得到了认可，受到了重视。女性维和人员能做的事情还有：满足前女性维和人员在遣散和转业过程中的需要、采访那些从针对女性暴力事件中幸存的人、让所有人更容易地了解维和人员的队伍。最后一点，女性维和人员可以当地女性的榜样，为她们带去力量，美国国务院“全球项目和倡议”办公室的德纳如是写道，该办公室是隶属于政治军事事务局。

The Global Peace Operations Initiative aims to increase the role of women in peacekeeping through diplomatic engagement, by helping⁹ partner countries recognize that women significantly contribute to conflict resolution and peacekeeping.

《全球和平行动倡议》的目标是通过外交参与的方式提升女性在维和行动中的重要性，助力伙伴国家认识到，女性能够极大地促进冲突的解决和维和行动的进行。

Through the GPOI, we enable women's participation¹⁰ in peace operations by ensuring that facilities suitable for women are available. We encourage partner countries to include more women in peacekeeping exercises, and to deploy¹¹ more women on peacekeeping missions. We conduct courses on gender integration⁵ in peace operations and support the UN's development of women, peace, and security-related training materials for peacekeeping training. And we train peacekeepers on the prevention and consequences of sexual exploitation and abuse.

通过《全球和平行动倡议》，我们通过确保女性能使用到适合自己的装备来保证女性能够参与到和平行动中来。我们还鼓励伙伴国家让更多女性参与到维和行动中来，部署更多的女性力量加入到维和任务中。我们安排了很多关于如何在维和行动中部署女性力量的课程，我们支持联合国在维和培训中安排与女性、和平和安全有关的培训资料。此外，我们培训维和人员如何预防性虐待，以及性虐待会带来什么危害。

GPOI promotes women, peace, and security with all our 53 partner countries, writes Dana Houk. Working closely with like-minded countries and the UN to develop and deliver training and by drawing on the expertise¹² of civil society organizations, GPOI is making tangible¹³ contributions to international peace and security.

德纳表示，《全球和平行动倡议》与53个伙伴国家一道提升女性维和人员的实力，促进和平与安全。通过与志同道合的国家以及联合国的紧密合作，《全球和平行动倡议》开展了许多相关的培训，该倡议还充分利用了民间社会组织的专业知识，由此为国际和平与安全做出了实实在在的贡献。

1 severely   

adv.严格地；严厉地；非常恶劣地

参考例句：

• He was severely criticized and removed from his post.他受到了严厉的批评并且被撤了职。
• He is severely put down for his careless work.他因工作上的粗心大意而受到了严厉的批评。

2 hostilities   

n.战争；敌意(hostility的复数)；敌对状态；战事

参考例句：

• Mexico called for an immediate cessation of hostilities. 墨西哥要求立即停止敌对行动。
• All the old hostilities resurfaced when they met again. 他们再次碰面时，过去的种种敌意又都冒了出来。

3 devoted   

adj.忠诚的，忠实的，热心的，献身于...的

参考例句：

• He devoted his life to the educational cause of the motherland.他为祖国的教育事业贡献了一生。
• We devoted a lengthy and full discussion to this topic.我们对这个题目进行了长时间的充分讨论。

4 stabilize   

vt.（使）稳定，使稳固，使稳定平衡；vi.稳定

参考例句：

• They are eager to stabilize currencies.他们急于稳定货币。
• His blood pressure tended to stabilize.他的血压趋向稳定。

5 integration   

n.一体化，联合，结合

参考例句：

• We are working to bring about closer political integration in the EU.我们正在努力实现欧盟內部更加紧密的政治一体化。
• This was the greatest event in the annals of European integration.这是欧洲统一史上最重大的事件。

6 civilian   

adj.平民的，民用的，民众的

参考例句：

• There is no reliable information about civilian casualties.关于平民的伤亡还没有确凿的信息。
• He resigned his commission to take up a civilian job.他辞去军职而从事平民工作。

7 survivors   

幸存者，残存者，生还者( survivor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The survivors were adrift in a lifeboat for six days. 幸存者在救生艇上漂流了六天。
• survivors clinging to a raft 紧紧抓住救生筏的幸存者

8 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

9 helping   

n.食物的一份&adj.帮助人的，辅助的

参考例句：

• The poor children regularly pony up for a second helping of my hamburger. 那些可怜的孩子们总是要求我把我的汉堡包再给他们一份。
• By doing this, they may at times be helping to restore competition. 这样一来, 他在某些时候,有助于竞争的加强。

10 participation   

n.参与，参加，分享

参考例句：

• Some of the magic tricks called for audience participation.有些魔术要求有观众的参与。
• The scheme aims to encourage increased participation in sporting activities.这个方案旨在鼓励大众更多地参与体育活动。

11 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

12 expertise   

n.专门知识(或技能等)，专长

参考例句：

• We were amazed at his expertise on the ski slopes.他斜坡滑雪的技能使我们赞叹不已。
• You really have the technical expertise in a new breakthrough.让你真正在专业技术上有一个全新的突破。

13 tangible   

adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的

参考例句：

• The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
• There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。