VOA常速英语2018--挪威人巧思妙招实现水产养殖可持续

Norway is one of the top ten aquaculture producers, and the industry goes to great length to secure feed for farmed fish.

挪威是十大水产养殖国之一，而其水产养殖业也是竭尽全力确保鱼食供给。

It has even sent factory ships to the other end of the earth to vacuum krill, tiny crustaceans¹ eaten by penguins² and whales from Antarctic waters.

挪威甚至派出许多捕鲸船去往世界的另一端，目的是捕捉磷虾和小的甲壳类动物，这些都是南极水域的企鹅和鲸鱼平时的食物。

But a couple of Norwegian companies are looking a little closer to home.

不过，还有一些挪威公司正在关注离本国近的鱼食来源。

An institute of marine³ research team believes insects are the perfect candidate to replace traditional fish meal.

某海洋研究所认为，昆虫是传统鱼食的绝佳替代品。

Insects are so great because they can actually eat what we can’t eat, right?

昆虫是很好的鱼食，因为昆虫吃的东西，我们是不吃的，不是吗？

So you can use organic side streams out of the food industry, for example, things that can’t be used for animal feed directly or it can’t be used for human consumption, you can feed them to insects, and they eat it and convert it into protein, fat, like really high quality products.

所以，我们可以使用粮食产业之外的有机物来源，比如，不能直接作为动物饲料或人类粮食的食物，可以喂给昆虫。当进食这些昆虫后，它们可以转化为蛋白质和脂肪，都是高品质的产物。

Mealworms are never happier than when munching⁴ their way through the kind of food that would make most people wrench⁵.

粉虱们高兴还来不及，它们可以在人类不喜欢的食物里尽情地遨游。

The aquaculture project team also turned to the ocean for ingredients.

水产养殖项目团队也将目光转向海洋，以寻找鱼食来源。

You fed kelp to the insects and we saw that by using kelp to grow insects.

我们可以给昆虫喂食海藻，我们发现海洋可以提供鱼食，因为昆虫吃了海藻也可以长大。

We could have higher amounts of omega-3 in the larvae⁶ as well as vitamin E, iodine⁷, all these good things that come from the marine environment in the product, and then we use this further into fish feeds.

幼虫体内欧米伽-3的含量可以更高，维生素E、碘的含量也可以提高。这些都是海洋里的好东西，最终可以落在产品上。然后我们再用这些产品来喂鱼。

The startup CO2BIO is also looking at an aquatic⁸ plant as fish feed.

初创公司CO2BIO也在想办法将水生植物作为鱼食。

It’s using carbon dioxide captured from the nation’s largest oil refinery⁹ to nourish the growth of algae¹⁰ in a greenhouse.

该公司正在通过从挪威最大炼油厂提取的二氧化碳来滋养温室中藻类的生长。

We take in this oil tube from the refinery.

这根油管是我们从炼油厂拿来的。

We are at the test center, and use that for a production of algae biomass to produce a mega tree acid for the fish industry, and that should be food for the fish and later on for their people.

我们测试中心可以用这种油管来生产藻类和生物，为渔业生产树酸。这样鱼类有了吃食，然后人类也有鱼可吃。

The transparent¹¹ tubes filled with warm seawater provide ideal conditions for algae to turn the gas into food, using the same process of photosynthesis¹² as other plants.

透明的管道里满是温暖的海水，可以为藻类提供理想的生存环境，将气体转化为食物，其原理跟其他植物的光合作用是一样的。

The algae is harvested, dried and processed, and like mealworms, algae can also grow with a diet of waste products, for example, on the leftover¹³ products from aquaculture as the poo of the fish or fish blood and as well for municipality waste organic liquids.

人们可以收获藻类，并对其进行晒干处理。而且藻类跟粉虱一样，也可以以废品为食。比如，水产业的残余物、鱼类的粪便、鱼血、市民废弃的有机液体。

Yeah, that’s making it a lot more sustainable of humanity actually to replace the pure chemicals that we need with those waste streams as nutrients¹⁴.

没错，这样就增强了人类的可持续性，方法就是替换掉纯粹的化学物质，转而用废品作为鱼食。

The alternative feedstocks could reduce the amount of wild caught fish needed to make fish feed, transforming an industry with a vital role in feeding the world’s growing population.

替代原料可以减少对野生鱼类的捕获，因为制作鱼食也有了其他的方法。这样可以变革水产养殖业，毕竟这个产业在供给全球上升人口的粮食中发挥了重要作用。

1 crustaceans   

n.甲壳纲动物（如蟹、龙虾）( crustacean的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• These crustaceans provide a valuable food source for some fish. 这些甲壳纲动物是某些鱼类重要的食物来源。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• When the tide ebbs it's a rock pool inhabited by crustaceans. 退潮时，它便成为甲壳动物居住的岩石区潮水潭。 来自辞典例句

2 penguins   

n.企鹅( penguin的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Why can penguins live in cold environment? 为什么企鹅能生活在寒冷的环境中？ 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Whales, seals, penguins, and turtles have flippers. 鲸、海豹，企鹅和海龟均有鳍形肢。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》

3 marine   

adj.海的；海生的；航海的；海事的；n.水兵

参考例句：

• Marine creatures are those which live in the sea. 海洋生物是生存在海里的生物。
• When the war broke out,he volunteered for the Marine Corps.战争爆发时，他自愿参加了海军陆战队。

4 munching   

v.用力咀嚼（某物），大嚼( munch的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• He was munching an apple. 他在津津有味地嚼着苹果。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Munching the apple as he was, he had an eye for all her movements. 他虽然啃着苹果，但却很留神地监视着她的每一个动作。 来自辞典例句

5 wrench   

v.猛拧；挣脱；使扭伤；n.扳手；痛苦，难受

参考例句：

• He gave a wrench to his ankle when he jumped down.他跳下去的时候扭伤了足踝。
• It was a wrench to leave the old home.离开这个老家非常痛苦。

6 larvae   

n.幼虫

参考例句：

• Larvae are parasitic on sheep.幼虫寄生在绵羊的身上。
• The larvae prey upon small aphids.这种幼虫以小蚜虫为食。

7 iodine   

n.碘，碘酒

参考例句：

• The doctor painted iodine on the cut.医生在伤口上涂点碘酒。
• Iodine tends to localize in the thyroid.碘容易集于甲状腺。

8 aquatic   

adj.水生的，水栖的

参考例句：

• Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
• We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。

9 refinery   

n.精炼厂，提炼厂

参考例句：

• They built a sugar refinery.他们建起了一座榨糖厂。
• The purpose of oil refinery is to refine crude petroleum.炼油厂的主要工作是提炼原油。

10 algae   

n.水藻，海藻

参考例句：

• Most algae live in water.多数藻类生长在水中。
• Algae grow and spread quickly in the lake.湖中水藻滋蔓。

11 transparent   

adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的

参考例句：

• The water is so transparent that we can see the fishes swimming.水清澈透明，可以看到鱼儿游来游去。
• The window glass is transparent.窗玻璃是透明的。

12 photosynthesis   

n.光合作用

参考例句：

• In apple trees photosynthesis occurs almost exclusively in the leaves.苹果树的光合作用几乎只发生在叶内。
• Chloroplasts are the structures in which photosynthesis happens.叶绿体就是光合作用发生的地方。

13 leftover   

n.剩货，残留物，剩饭；adj.残余的

参考例句：

• These narrow roads are a leftover from the days of horse-drawn carriages.这些小道是从马车时代沿用下来的。
• Wonder if that bakery lets us take leftover home.不知道那家糕饼店会不会让我们把卖剩的带回家。

14 nutrients   

n.（食品或化学品）营养物，营养品( nutrient的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• a lack of essential nutrients 基本营养的缺乏
• Nutrients are absorbed into the bloodstream. 营养素被吸收进血液。 来自《简明英汉词典》