VOA常速英语2020--特朗普和州长们就谁来决定美国何时复工产生争议

The 1935 film Mutiny on the Bounty¹ is about the rebellion by the ships crew over the captains management style.In a tweet Tuesday President Donald Trump² said it was one of his favorite movies commenting especially when the mutineers need so much from the captain.Trump presumably was referring to a group of Democratic governors who are banding together to collectively decide when they want to reopen their states.The president is clearly spoiling for a fight on this issue.The worst thing we can do in all of this is start with political division.New Yorks Andrew Cuomo and other governors are working together to develop a strategy for gradually easing stay-at-home restrictions³ in their states.President Trump says that decision is not entirely⁴ up to them, responding to various questions on Monday.Trump declared that he has total authority on the issue.To put it very simply, the President of the United States has the authority to do what the president has the authority to do which is very powerful, the president of the United States calls the shots.Trump's statement started a firestorm on state versus⁵ federal authority on a national emergency.On its face what President Trump said is simply wrong.There is no sort of plenary authority in the president even in times of emergency to have you know total authority to do whatever he wants.

1935年的电影《叛舰喋血记》讲述了船员们对船长管理方式的反叛。在周二的一篇推文中，唐纳德·特朗普总统说这是他最喜欢的电影之一，特别是当那些叛乱者需要从船长那里获得那么多东西的时候。特朗普大概是在指一群民主党州长，他们联合起来共同决定他们想要重新开放自己州的时间。总统显然在为这个问题上的一场斗争而焦头烂额。我们能做的最糟糕的事情就是政治分歧。纽约州州长安德鲁·科莫和其他州长正在合作制定一项战略来逐渐放宽他们所在州的居家隔离限制。特朗普总统在周一时对各种问题做出回应，表示这个决定并不完全取决于他们。特朗普宣布自己在这个问题上有绝对的权威。简单地说，美国总统有权去做总统有权做的事，这是很强大的，美国总统说了算。特朗普的声明引发了一场州与联邦政府之间在国家紧急情况下的风暴。从表面上看，特朗普所说是错误的。即使在紧急情况下，总统也没有完全的权力想做什么就做什么。

The governors have pushed back including Michigans Gretchen Whitmer.There's nobody who would rather be able to push the button and just return to life as normal but no button exists in this environment.During the pandemic the federal government has helped ensure states have the supplies and resources to take care of their citizens.Lawmakers have also passed a two trillion dollar plan to support the economy.The governors and mayors have the authority over local matters of public health and safety, including keeping people in their homes and closing businesses.The president has every incentive⁶ to want to improve the economy.He's a lot of financial wherewithal at his disposal to do so.It puts him in a very different position than the governors and the mayors who are the frontline defense⁷ in terms of keeping people at home to protect public safety.But in ways that really do keep the economy limited.Despite disagreements over who can order the nations slow return to normalcy, ultimately the virus will determine its own timeline, said Trumps⁸ top health expert dr. Anthony Fauci.I think how you reopen if you want to use that word the economy in those communities is gonna depend a lot on the ability to contain what we know will happen.I'll guarantee you once you start pulling back, there will be infections.It's how you deal with the infection that's gonna count.Some of us considered opening up parts of the country as early as May 1st.Dr. Carter says that may be overly optimistic.Patsy Widakuswara VOA news

包括密歇根州的格雷琴·惠特莫在内，州长们做出了反击。没有人愿意按下这个按钮，然后回到正常生活，但是在在这种环境下没有按钮。在疫情期间，联邦政府帮助确保各州有物资和资源来照顾他们的市民。立法者们还通过了一项两万亿的法案来支持经济。州长和市长有权处理当地的公共卫生和安全问题，包括让人们待在家里以及关闭店铺。总统有充分的动机来改善经济。他有大量的财力可支配来做这件事。这把他放在了一个与州长和市长截然不同的位置，州长和市长在前线防守，让居民待在家里以保护公众安全。但是在某种程度上确实使经济受到限制。尽管在谁能命令国家缓慢恢复正常方面存在分歧，最终，病毒将决定它自己的时间表，特朗普首席健康专家安东尼·福奇博士说。我认为如果你想用这个词的话，你如何重新开放这些社区的经济将在很大程度上取决于控制我们所知道的将要发生的事情的能力。我保证一旦你开始退缩，就会出现感染。重要的是你如何处理感染。我们中的一些人考虑早在5月1日就开放部分地区。卡特博士说，这可能过于乐观了。美国之音，记者Patsy Widakuswara报道

1 bounty   

n.慷慨的赠予物，奖金；慷慨，大方；施与

参考例句：

• He is famous for his bounty to the poor.他因对穷人慷慨相助而出名。
• We received a bounty from the government.我们收到政府给予的一笔补助金。

2 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

3 restrictions   

约束( restriction的名词复数 )； 管制； 制约因素； 带限制性的条件（或规则）

参考例句：

• I found the restrictions irksome. 我对那些限制感到很烦。
• a snaggle of restrictions 杂乱无章的种种限制

4 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

5 versus   

prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下

参考例句：

• The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
• The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。

6 incentive   

n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机

参考例句：

• Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
• He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。

7 defense   

n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩

参考例句：

• The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
• The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。

8 trumps   

abbr.trumpets 喇叭；小号；喇叭形状的东西；喇叭筒v.（牌戏）出王牌赢（一牌或一墩）( trump的过去式 )；吹号公告，吹号庆祝；吹喇叭；捏造

参考例句：

• On the day of the match the team turned up trumps. 比赛那天该队出乎意料地获得胜利。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Every time John is late getting home he trumps up some new excuse. 每次约翰晚回家都会编造个新借口。 来自《简明英汉词典》