Science seals

    Callum: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English, I'm Callum Robertson and with me todayis Kate, hello Kate.
    Kate: Hello Callum.
    Callum: Today we're going 'down under' - Kate, where's that, where's 'down under'?
    Kate: 'Down under' means Australia.
    Callum: And have you ever been there?
    Kate: I have. My brother lives there and I've been to visit him twice.
    Callum: Ah well, I hope that gives you a good chance of getting today's question right.
    Today's question is about Australia and a part of Australia called the Great BarrierReef. Off which part of Australia is the reef? Is it …a: North-east coast?
    b: South coast?
    c: North-west coast?
    Kate: Well I've been to the Great Barrier Reef so I should know this, but let me get thisright. It's on the north-east coast, a:
    Callum: We'll find out if you're right later on.
    The Great Barrier Reef is perhaps one of the natural wonders of the world but it isin danger from various environmental factors. Scientists are using elephant seals（海象） in the Southern Ocean to help them understand what might be going to happen to thereef. Now the Southern Ocean is the ocean south of Australia which includes theAntarctic. So why are they using seals? Here's Phil Mercer, the BBC's reporter inAustralia.
    Phil MercerThe elephant seals of the Southern Ocean have been recruited by Australian scientists because oftheir diving skills.
    Callum: Kate, why are they using seals?
    Kate: Well he said they were being used because of their diving skills.
    Callum: And I can confirm they are excellent divers¹. I'm a keen scuba² diver myself and afew years ago I was lucky enough to go diving with seals, not in Australia, but inthe UK, and it was fantastic（古怪的）. They are very inquisitive³ animals. They follow youaround underwater and play with you and they are indeed fantastic divers.
    We're going to hear more about what the seals are doing but first we need to coversome useful vocabulary. In the next part of the report we hear about 'sensors⁵'. Kate,what's a 'sensor⁴'?
    Kate: Well a 'sensor' is a small electronic device that is used for taking measurements.
    Callum: And another word we're going to hear is 'salinity⁶'. 'Salinity'. What's that?
    Kate: 'Salinity' is a noun for the level of salt in a liquid. The salinity of the sea is veryimportant, particularly to coral. If the salinity changes – which means if the levelof salt changes – it can damage or even destroy coral reefs.
    Callum: Right, let's get back to the seals. Here's Phil Mercer with more about how they arebeing used. How do the seals get information and how does that information get tothe scientists?
    Phil MercerThey spend much of the winter foraging⁷ for fish and squid under the sea ice. Small sensors gluedto the animals' heads, that measure salinity and temperature, are providing a rare glimpse into theworld beneath the waves. When the seals return to the surface the information is transmitted backto Tasmania by satellite.
    Callum: How do the seals get the information that scientists need?
    Kate: Well as part of their normal behaviour they dive down under the ice, looking forfood. They have sensors stuck on their heads and these collect the informationabout the salinity and temperature of the water. This information is then sent backto the scientists in Tasmania by satellite when the seals surface, which meanswhen they come back from being underwater.
    Callum: He says the seals are giving them 'a rare glimpse into the world beneath the waves'
    – what does he mean by 'a rare glimpse'?
    Kate: Well something that is rare, is unusual, it's not common and a glimpse is a wordfor a quick look at something. So 'a rare glimpse into the world beneath the waves'
    is a way to describe the special view the scientists are getting of what is happeningunder the water.
    Callum: Let's listen again.
    Phil MercerThey spend much of the winter foraging for fish and squid under the sea ice. Small sensors gluedto the animals' heads, that measure salinity and temperature, are providing a rare glimpse into theworld beneath the waves. When the seals return to the surface the information is transmitted backto Tasmania by satellite.
    Callum: So how is this information being gathered under the ice of Antarctica and sent toTasmania of use in predicting what is going to happen to the Great Barrier Reef?
    Here's Phil Mercer again.
    Phil MercerGovernment researchers in the state capital Hobart believe that changes off Antarctica are aprecursor to future events in the Great Barrier Reef.
    Callum: Kate?
    Kate: Scientists believe that what happens in Antarctica is a 'precursor⁸ to future events inthe Great Barrier Reef.' 'A precursor to' – this phrase means that they believe thatthere is a connection between what is happening now in Antarctica and what willhappen in the future in the Great Barrier Reef.
    Callum: Let's listen again.
    Phil MercerGovernment researchers in the state capital Hobart believe that changes off Antarctica are aprecursor to future events in the Great Barrier Reef.
    Callum: Phil Mercer there. Now just time to give the answer to this week's question whichwas about the location of the Great Barrier Reef. Off which part of Australia is thereef? Kate, you said …?
    Kate: I said a: the north-east coastCallum: And that's exactly the right answer, well done. Well that's all for today but do joinus again next time for more 6 Minute English. Goodbye.
    Kate: Goodbye.(本文由在线英语听力室整理编辑)

1 divers   

adj.不同的；种种的

参考例句：

• He chose divers of them,who were asked to accompany him.他选择他们当中的几个人，要他们和他作伴。
• Two divers work together while a standby diver remains on the surface.两名潜水员协同工作，同时有一名候补潜水员留在水面上。

2 scuba   

n.水中呼吸器

参考例句：

• I first got hooked on scuba diving when I was twelve.12岁时我开始迷上了带水中呼吸器潜水。
• While on honeymoon in Bali,she learned to scuba dive.她在巴厘岛度蜜月时学会了带水肺潜水。

3 inquisitive   

adj.求知欲强的，好奇的，好寻根究底的

参考例句：

• Children are usually inquisitive.小孩通常很好问。
• A pat answer is not going to satisfy an inquisitive audience.陈腔烂调的答案不能满足好奇的听众。

4 sensor   

n.传感器，探测设备，感觉器（官）

参考例句：

• The temperature sensor is enclosed in a protective well.温度传感器密封在保护套管中。
• He plugged the sensor into a outlet.他把传感器插进电源插座。

5 sensors   

n.传感器，灵敏元件( sensor的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were more than 2000 sensors here. 这里装有两千多个灵敏元件。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Significant changes have been noted where sensors were exposed to trichloride. 当传感器暴露在三氯化物中时，有很大变化。 来自辞典例句

6 salinity   

n.盐分；咸度；盐浓度；咸性

参考例句：

• In the sea water sampled the salinity is two parts per thousand.在取样的海水中，盐度为千分之二。
• In many sedimentary basins the salinity of the formation water increases with depth or compaction.在许多沉积盆地中，地层水的含盐量随深度或压实作用而增高。

7 foraging   

v.搜寻（食物），尤指动物觅（食）( forage的现在分词 )；（尤指用手）搜寻（东西）

参考例句：

• They eke out a precarious existence foraging in rubbish dumps. 他们靠在垃圾场捡垃圾维持着朝不保夕的生活。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The campers went foraging for wood to make a fire. 露营者去搜寻柴木点火。 来自辞典例句

8 precursor   

n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆

参考例句：

• Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。
• He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。