End of the world?

 Alice: Hello and welcome to 6 Minute English from BBC Learning English: we’ll be talking about a story in the news and learning some vocabulary along the way. I’m Alice and joining me today is Kaz. Hi Kaz. 

Kaz: Hi there Alice. 

Alice: Now, if you’re listening to this programme on the 21 December 2012 or after, then I’m very happy to say that the world hasn’t ended. 

Kaz: Alice, what do you mean the world hasn’t ended? 

Alice: Well, according to the ancient Mayan civilisation¹, the people who lived in Central America 4,000 years ago, the world was supposed to end on December 21, 2012. 

Kaz: I see. Well, thank goodness they got the day wrong. 

Alice: It’s very interesting though, because the ancient Mayan calendar said December 21 2012 marked the end of a 5,000 year cycle. We’ll find out more in a minute, but first my question of the day. Kaz, December 21 is an important day in the calendar because it is usually the shortest day of the year in the northern hemisphere². 

Now, what’s the word in English for this? Is it: 

a) the winter equinox 

b) the winter solstice 

c) midwinter 

Kaz: I’d say midwinter. 

Alice: Well, as usual, we won’t hear the answer until the end of the programme. Now let’s find out more about the Mayan people and their calendar, which dates back over 5,000 years. Professor Pedro Yac, from Guatemala, held a ceremony on a beach in Havana, Cuba, to mark the end of the Mayan calendar cycle. December 21, 2012 may not mark the end of the world, but Yac hopes people will use it as a day to think about what is important in life: 

Professor Pedro Yac: 

Enough of the culture of fear. We should stop planting fear. Not in the present generations, not in the future generations. We have to return to our roots. We are the children of mother earth. When we forget this everything becomes complicated. 

Alice: So, Professor Pedro Yac says he hopes humanity³ returns to its roots - to think about where we came from, how we were created. 

Kaz: He says people are children of mother earth - the earth is considered to be the source of all living things. 

Alice: And he thinks that when people forget where they come from, everything becomes complicated. 

Kaz: Interesting. He says we should stop planting fear - spreading fear. 

Alice: What’s really interesting is how many people believe that the end of the world will happen soon. According to a poll⁴ by Reuters IPSOS earlier this year, nearly 10% of people believe that the end of the world is nigh - is coming. Here are two interesting pieces of language to listen out from the next speaker. "Humanity’s time on earth is up", which means people will die out, and "Doomsday". What’s Doomsday Kaz? 

Kaz: Doomsday is the name given to the day the world will end. 

Alice: Here’s reporter Tom Santorelli: 

Reporter Tom Santorelli: 

Last May a Reuters IPSOS poll found that nearly 10% of people worldwide go along with the interpretation⁵ that humanity’s time on earth is up. The Doomsday prediction has spawned⁷ a glut⁸ of films and books on the subject. 

Alice: Reporter Tom Santorelli says the Doomsday prediction has spawned a glut of films and books about the end of the world. A glut of - it means a lot of. 

Kaz: And he used the verb 'spawned' - we usually hear that in the terms of frog spawn⁶, the thousands of little eggs a frog lays, which grow very fast. 

Alice: And as the world hasn’t ended, I wonder what we can conclude from the end of this Mayan calendar cycle. Here’s archaeologist Richard Hensen, who says it marks a new era - a new period in time. 

Archaeologist Richard Hensen: 

What we see is a new era. We are privileged to witness and enjoy the end of one era that started 3,114 years before Christ. It’s rare to have an opportunity like this to experience a very important date. 

Alice: Archaeologist Richard Hensen, who says we are privileged, fortunate, to witness and enjoy the end of one era, and experience a new one. 

Kaz: He says it’s rare to have an opportunity like this to experience a very important date. 

Alice: Now, that question I asked you at the beginning of the programme, Kaz. What’s the name in English for the event that usually happens on or around December 21 every year in the northern hemisphere? 

Kaz: And I said midwinter. 

Alice: Well, it’s a bit of a trick question. Midwinter can be around December 21, but we usually think of it as a longer period of time. And the winter equinox doesn’t exist. Equinox means that the day is the same length as the night - so that usually happens in March and September. So the answer I was looking for is ‘the winter solstice’. It’s the day when the sun at noon is at its lowest altitude above the horizon.

Kaz: I see. So, that usually occurs in the northern hemisphere sometime around December 21. 

Alice: Yes that’s right. And before we go Kaz, could you read us some of today’s words and phrases? 

Kaz: I’d be delighted. We heard: 

equinox 

solstice 

return to our roots 

mother earth 

spawned 

a glut of 

Alice: Thanks Kaz. And please join us again soon for more 6 Minute English from bbclearningenglish.com. 

Bye for now. 

Kaz: Bye. 

1 civilisation   

n.文明，文化，开化，教化

参考例句：

• Energy and ideas are the twin bases of our civilisation.能源和思想是我们文明的两大基石。
• This opera is one of the cultural totems of Western civilisation.这部歌剧是西方文明的文化标志物之一。

2 hemisphere   

n.半球，半球地图

参考例句：

• This animal is to be found only in the Southern Hemisphere.这种动物只有在南半球才能找到。
• In most people,the left hemisphere is bigger than the right.多数人的左脑比右脑大。

3 humanity   

n.人类，[总称]人(性)，人道[pl.]人文学科

参考例句：

• Such an act is a disgrace to humanity.这种行为是人类的耻辱。
• We should treat animals with humanity.我们应该以仁慈之心对待动物。

4 poll   

n.民意测验，民意调查，选举投票

参考例句：

• The result of the poll won't be known until midnight.选举结果要到午夜才能揭晓。
• They expected a heavy poll.他们期望会有很高的投票数。

5 interpretation   

n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理

参考例句：

• His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
• Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。

6 spawn   

n.卵，产物，后代，结果；vt.产卵，种菌丝于，产生，造成；vi.产卵，大量生产

参考例句：

• The fish were madly pushing their way upstream to spawn.鱼群为产卵而疯狂地向上游挤进。
• These fish will lay spawn in about one month from now.这些鱼大约一个月内会产卵。

7 spawned   

（鱼、蛙等）大量产（卵）( spawn的过去式和过去分词 )； 大量生产

参考例句：

• The band's album spawned a string of hit singles. 这支乐队的专辑繁衍出一连串走红的单曲唱片。
• The computer industry has spawned a lot of new companies. 由于电脑工业的发展，许多新公司纷纷成立。

8 glut   

n.存货过多，供过于求；v.狼吞虎咽

参考例句：

• The glut of coffee led to a sharp drop in prices.咖啡供过于求道致价格急剧下跌。
• There's a glut of agricultural products in Western Europe.西欧的农产品供过于求。