盖茨：慈善也依赖于创新

盖茨：慈善也依赖于创新 　　

WASHINGTON — Bill Gates, one of the world's leading inventors, businessmen and donors¹, said that philanthropy, like technology, depends on innovation to achieve the best possible results. Gates said in Washington Thursday that most innovation is driven by private enterprise, but that only governments can make broader social improvements.

　　Many would say that Bill Gates's technological² inventions have had a most profound impact on people's lives in recent decades. He is now working to improve people's lives in other areas. His charitable foundation is at the forefront in fighting deadly diseases and poverty.

　　He told an audience at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington Thursday that his philanthropic work is focused on areas that governments cannot cover.

　　"There are things in terms of trying out social programs in innovative³ ways that government is just -- because of the way the job incentives⁴ work - they are not going to try out new designs like philanthropy can, and they are not going to have volunteer hours coming in to leverage⁵ their resources like philanthropy can," said Gates.

　　Gates said charity plays a huge role in America. He noted⁶ that universities produce successful professionals who then give financial support to universities. He said privately⁷ funded institutions in the United States produce inventions that no government can produce. As an example, he cited the March of Dimes⁸ Foundation and its initiative to eradicate⁹ polio. The foundation has financed the development of two polio vaccines¹¹, an earlier one created by Jonas Salk and a more recent oral vaccine¹⁰ developed by Albert Sabin.

　　"The March of Dimes [foundation] invented the polio vaccine - the thing that we are using to go out and eradicate -- make it the second disease after smallpox¹² that gets eradicated¹³. This is the oral polio vaccine. That's 10 doses and this thing costs $1.30 or 13 cents per kid - that was philanthropic money, March of Dimes money that caused both its predecessor¹⁴, called IPV (inactivated poliovirus vaccine), which was the Salk shot, this is the Sabin oral -- they created those things," said Gates.

　　But Gates pointed¹⁵ out that philanthropy cannot be a substitute for the government in achieving wider societal improvements in areas such as public health, education, employment and others.

　　"When you want to give every child in America a good education, or make sure they are not starving, that's got to be [done by] government because philanthropy isn't there day in and day out serving the entire population. It's just not of the scale or the design to do that. It's there to try out things, including funding disease research or, you know, academic studies to see if something's more effective," said Gates.

　　Gates said philanthropy depends on research and innovation in seeking solutions for societal problems, but that it is the government's role to work for an overall better society.

1 donors   

n.捐赠者( donor的名词复数 )；献血者；捐血者；器官捐献者

参考例句：

• Please email us to be removed from our active list of blood donors. 假如你想把自己的名字从献血联系人名单中删去，请给我们发电子邮件。
• About half this amount comes from individual donors and bequests. 这笔钱大约有一半来自个人捐赠及遗赠。 来自《简明英汉词典》

2 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

3 innovative   

adj.革新的，新颖的，富有革新精神的

参考例句：

• Discover an innovative way of marketing.发现一个创新的营销方式。
• He was one of the most creative and innovative engineers of his generation.他是他那代人当中最富创造性与革新精神的工程师之一。

4 incentives   

激励某人做某事的事物( incentive的名词复数 )； 刺激； 诱因； 动机

参考例句：

• tax incentives to encourage savings 鼓励储蓄的税收措施
• Furthermore, subsidies provide incentives only for investments in equipment. 更有甚者，提供津贴仅是为鼓励增添设备的投资。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法

5 leverage   

n.力量，影响；杠杆作用，杠杆的力量

参考例句：

• We'll have to use leverage to move this huge rock.我们不得不借助杠杆之力来移动这块巨石。
• He failed in the project because he could gain no leverage. 因为他没有影响力，他的计划失败了。

6 noted   

adj.著名的，知名的

参考例句：

• The local hotel is noted for its good table.当地的那家酒店以餐食精美而著称。
• Jim is noted for arriving late for work.吉姆上班迟到出了名。

7 privately   

adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地

参考例句：

• Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
• The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。

8 dimes   

n.（美国、加拿大的）10分铸币( dime的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• Pennies, nickles, dimes and quarters are United States coins. 1分铜币、5分镍币、1角银币和2角5分银币是美国硬币。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• In 1965 the mint stopped putting silver in dimes. 1965年，铸币厂停止向10分硬币中加入银的成分。 来自辞典例句

9 eradicate   

v.根除，消灭，杜绝

参考例句：

• These insects are very difficult to eradicate.这些昆虫很难根除。
• They are already battling to eradicate illnesses such as malaria and tetanus.他们已经在努力消灭疟疾、破伤风等疾病。

10 vaccine   

n.牛痘苗，疫苗；adj.牛痘的，疫苗的

参考例句：

• The polio vaccine has saved millions of lives.脊髓灰质炎疫苗挽救了数以百万计的生命。
• She takes a vaccine against influenza every fall.她每年秋季接种流感疫苗。

11 vaccines   

疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
• The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。

12 smallpox   

n.天花

参考例句：

• In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
• Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？

13 eradicated   

画着根的

参考例句：

• Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
• The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。

14 predecessor   

n.前辈，前任

参考例句：

• It will share the fate of its predecessor.它将遭受与前者同样的命运。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

15 pointed   

adj.尖的，直截了当的

参考例句：

• He gave me a very sharp pointed pencil.他给我一支削得非常尖的铅笔。
• She wished to show Mrs.John Dashwood by this pointed invitation to her brother.她想通过对达茨伍德夫人提出直截了当的邀请向她的哥哥表示出来。