《中国制造2025》遭欧洲商界批评

 　　Beijing’s plans to create national champions in 10 high-tech¹ manufacturing sectors² by 2025 has come under fire from European businesses, which fear Chinese producers could swamp whole industries with overcapacity and spark a protectionist backlash.

　　中国政府计划在2025年以前，在10个高科技制造业领域打造国家冠军企业。这一计划受到欧洲商界的抨击，后者担心中国制造商会以过剩产能淹没整个产业、并引发保护主义反弹。

　　The EU Chamber³ of Commerce in Beijing on Tuesday released a 70-page critique of China’s industrial policy, known as China Manufacturing 2025.

　　位于北京的中国欧盟商会(European Chamber of Commerce in China)周二发布了一份长达70页、题为《中国制造2025：产业政策对弈市场力量》(China Manufacturing 2025)的报告，批评中国的产业政策。

　　“The broad set of policy tools that are being employed to facilitate CM2025’s development are highly problematic,” said the chamber, which represents European businesses in China. The report was timed to coincide with the National People’s Congress, the annual meeting of China’s rubber-stamp legislature.

　　这家代表欧洲在华企业的商会表示：“用来推动落实《中国制造2025》的诸多政策手段是有很大问题的。”该报告的发布恰逢中国的“橡皮图章”立法机关全国人大召开年会之际。

　　The chamber said, for instance, that foreign carmakers with electric models were being pressed to turn over their battery technology to Chinese partners in exchange for being able to produce and sell in China.

　　该商会举例称，拥有电动车型的外国车企正面临压力，要它们把自己的电池技术交给中方合作伙伴，以换取能够在中国生产和销售。

　　“European business is facing intense pressure to turn over advanced technology in exchange for near-term market access,” according to the report.

　　报告称：“例如，近来通过的一项新能源汽车领域的政策令欧洲企业需以先进技术换取近期市场准入而面临巨大压力。”

　　Other measures that have been already implemented⁴, such as subsiding⁵ local producers of battery-powered cars, are possibly in violation⁶ of China’s commitments to the World Trade Organisation⁷, the EU Chamber said. However, foreign businesses fear WTO resolution may not be an option given the length of time the process takes and the potential for retaliation⁸ by China.

　　中国欧盟商会表示，其他已经实施的措施——比如补贴本土电池动力汽车生产商——可能违反了中国对世贸组织(WTO)的承诺。不过，外国企业担心，将问题诉诸WTO来解决也许不是一个合适的选项，因为整个流程耗时太久，而且中国有可能会报复。

　　On Sunday, at the opening of the NPC, China’s government appeared to react to criticism of its manufacturing plans, saying in a government work report: “Foreign firms will be treated the same as domestic firms when it comes to licence applications, standard-setting and government procurement⁹, and will enjoy the same preferential policies under the Made in China 2025 initiative.”

　　上周日，在全国人大年会开幕时，中国政府似乎针对外界对其制造业计划的批评作出了回应，它在一份政府工作报告中称：“在资质许可、标准制定、政府采购、享受《中国制造2025》政策等方面，对内外资企业一视同仁。”

1 high-tech   

adj.高科技的

参考例句：

• The economy is in the upswing which makes high-tech services in more demand too.经济在蓬勃发展，这就使对高科技服务的需求量也在加大。
• The quest of a cure for disease with high-tech has never ceased. 人们希望运用高科技治疗疾病的追求从未停止过。

2 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

3 chamber   

n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所

参考例句：

• For many,the dentist's surgery remains a torture chamber.对许多人来说，牙医的治疗室一直是间受刑室。
• The chamber was ablaze with light.会议厅里灯火辉煌。

4 implemented   

v.实现( implement的过去式和过去分词 )；执行；贯彻；使生效

参考例句：

• This agreement, if not implemented, is a mere scrap of paper. 这个协定如不执行只不过是一纸空文。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
• The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 如果不实施影响深远的改革，经济就面临崩溃的危险。 来自辞典例句

5 subsiding   

v.（土地）下陷（因在地下采矿）( subside的现在分词 )；减弱；下降至较低或正常水平；一下子坐在椅子等上

参考例句：

• The flooded river was subsiding rapidly. 泛滥的河水正在迅速退落。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Gradually the tension was subsiding, gradually the governor was relenting. 风潮渐渐地平息了。 来自汉英文学 - 家（1-26） - 家（1-26）

6 violation   

n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯

参考例句：

• He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
• He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。

7 organisation   

n.组织，安排，团体，有机休

参考例句：

• The method of his organisation work is worth commending.他的组织工作的方法值得称道。
• His application for membership of the organisation was rejected.他想要加入该组织的申请遭到了拒绝。

8 retaliation   

n.报复，反击

参考例句：

• retaliation against UN workers 对联合国工作人员的报复
• He never said a single word in retaliation. 他从未说过一句反击的话。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 procurement   

n.采购；获得

参考例句：

• He is in charge of the procurement of materials.他负责物资的采购。
• More and more,human food procurement came to have a dominant effect on their evolution.人类获取食物愈来愈显著地影响到人类的进化。