高中英语人教版必修第三册03

[00:02.93]READING
[00:04.18]REACHING OUT ACROSS THE OCEAN
[00:06.09]Trade and curiosity¹ have often formed the foundation² for mankind’s greatest endeavor³.
[00:10.32]To people of early civilizations, the world map was a great puzzle.
[00:13.79]Marco Polo’s stories inspired Christopher Columbus and other European explorers to search fro sea routes to the distant, wealthy Asian lands.
[00:20.22]However, long before that brave merchants were the real explorers of the Western Ocean.
[00:24.06]It is well known that Africa had contacts with India and the Red Sea civilizations from the earliest times.
[00:29.34]Silk from China found its way over land along the Silk Road to India, the Middle East and Rome, in exchange for spices and glass.
[00:35.50]Silk was also traded along the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
[00:38.24]Ceylon, with its central position, was the place where Chinese merchants met with Arab merchants and heard about the westernmost lands.
[00:44.20]Thus, people of the Han Dynasty knew about Africa and had books with descriptions of the kingdoms on the African coast and the Rd Sea.
[00:50.08]In 97 AD Gan Ying, a Chinese ambassador⁴, went to the East Roman Empire over land and returned to Luoyany with a present from an African king-rhinoceros⁵ horns.
[00:58.59]Over the next few hundred years, the Swahili kingdoms and the islands off the African coast developed into the word’s trading centre for ivory⁶, spices, rhinoceros horns, shells, animal skins and sugar.
[01:07.60]They were traded to merchants from the Arabic countries, Egypt Greece, Rome, India, Ceylon and China.
[01:12.80]The Arabic contacts to the African coast let to the next meting⁷ between black people and a Chinese.
[01:17.56]In the year 751, the Chinese traveler Du Huan was taken prisoner by the Arabic army.
[01:21.42]He escaped, and after a long journey wandering through Arabic countries, he returned to the motherland by boat in 762.
[01:26.80]There he wrote his Record of My Travels, which gives information on Central Asian, Arabic and African countries.
[01:31.98]In the eleventh century, the Africans made several voyages to the court of the Song Dynasty.
[01:33.23]It was a major development that the Africans were reaching out to China.
[01:36.03]The earliest Asian cultural relic⁸ found in Africa also dates from this period.
[01:39.71]A small bronze stature⁹ of a lion was found in the Swahili town of Shanga.
[01:43.50]Nothing similar has ever been found in East Africa.
[01:46.06]The contacts between China and Africa over the centuries led to the awareness¹⁰ of each other’s existence, but still no accurate¹¹ maps of the countries around the Indian Ocean existed.
[01:53.84]By the beginning of the fifteenth century the time was ripe for a grand meeting.
[01:57.55]In East Africa the coastal¹² towns were reaching the height of their power.
[02:00.79]In the east, China prospered¹³ under a new dynasty.
[02:03.30]The Ming government had a large navy¹⁴ and the will to use it.
[02:06.01]In the years between 1405 and 1433, seven large treasure fleets¹⁶ sailed westwards on voyages of trade and exploration.
[02:12.88]Under the command of Zheng He , the fleets set sail from the South China Sea across the Indian Ocean the mouth of the Red Sea,
[02:18.40]and then traveled further south, discovering the eastern coast of Africa.
[02:21.37]Zheng He renewed¹⁷ relations with the kingdoms of the East African coast.
[02:24.74]One African king sent the Ming emperor a royal present: two giraffes.
[02:28.51]The wonderful gift and the contact with the black court so excited China’s curiosity about Africa that Zhen He sent a message to the king and to other African states,
[02:35.77]inviting them to send ambassadors¹⁸ and open embassies¹⁹ in the new Ming capital, Beijing.
[02:36.02]The response of the African rules was very generous.
[02:36.09]They sent the emperor zebras, giraffes, shells, elephant ivory and rhinoceros-horn medicine.
[02:40.74]In return, the Ming court sent gold, spices, silk, and various other present

[02:44.84]The exchange of goods had symbolic²⁰ meaning far more important than the value of the goods themselves.
[02:49.02]By trading with the fleet¹⁵ the African kings were showing their friendship to the emperor of China.
[02:52.60]The fleet made several expeditions before the exploration was stopped, probably economic reasons.
[02:57.51]For a short time, China had ruled the seas.
[02:59.47]After 1433, the Ming court believed that its greatest challenges and opportunities were at home.
[03:04.10]INTEGRATING SKILLS
[03:07.33]Reading
[03:08.01]GOING HIGH: THE PIONEERS OF THE THIRD POLE
[03:11.25]By the middle of the 1920s the farthest corners of the earth had already been explored: the continents and the oceans had been mapped,
[03:17.44]the North and South Poles had been reached, and the origins of the world’s major rivers had been discovered.
[03:21.91]All that was left to be conquered²¹ was the “third pole”, the highest mountain on earth, Mount²² Qomolangma.
[03:27.08]Some suggested it could not be accomplished²³.
[03:29.46]At that time, going to Mount Qomolangma was like going to the moon.
[03:32.65]Climbing at such high altitudes requires great skill and is not without risk.
[03:36.83]Apart from the cold, thin air and low oxygen levels can cause mountain sickness, which can kill.
[03:41.50]Some people can never go above 4,000 metres because their body is unable to adjust to these extreme conditions.
[03:46.78]Above about 5,200 metres, in the “death zone”, humans can only survive for couple of days, even with extra oxygen.
[03:53.96]The Tibetans have lived in the Himalayas for centuries and have adjusted to the conditions at such a great height.
[03:58.82]To them, the mountains were sacred, and they would not climb them for that reason.
[04:02.53]When Westerners came to climb Mount Qomolangma, the Sherpas, who live in Tibet, northern India and Nepal,acted as guides.
[04:08.70]From the first British Qomolangma expedititon in 1921, Sherpa strength, skill, honesty and dedication²⁴ have made them ideal²⁵ companions on the mountain.
[04:16.30]Every Qomolangma expedition since them has relied on Sherpa support.
[04:20.63]One of the first foreign expeditions to climb Mount Qomolangma arrived in Tibet in 1921.
[04:24.97]They had no idea what they were up against.
[04:27.50]Two British expeditions made the attempt in 1992 and 1924, but failed to reach the top.
[04:32.73]The local Tibetans and Sherpas laughed the strange bottles containing what the referred to as “English air”.
[04:37.43]In 1924 two British men were lost.
[04:40.33]When their oxygen ran out, they had no chance of surviving.
[04:43.36]After World War II, technological²⁶ advances in clothing and equipment had been made,
[04:47.25]and more was known about the mountain itself, which by now had been flown over several times by aircraft.
[04:51.67]The New Zealander Edmund Hillary and the Sherpa Tenzing Norgay,
[04:55.40]as members of British team, were the first to make it to the summit²⁷ to Mount Qomolangma.
[04:59.06]They reached the top on May 29, 1953.
[05:02.40]In later years the question arose who was the first to reach the top.
[05:05.98]Wherever he was asked, Sherpa Tenzing Norgay’s answer was, “We climbed as a team, period.”
[05:10.71]Like winning in the Olympic Games, climbing a mountain such as Mount Qomolangma is a great personal achievement.
[05:15.78]Climbing the mountain is still one of man’s greatest challenges.
[05:18.42]After 1953 several hundred people have succeeded in climbing the mountain,
[05:22.26]some to be the first of their nation and many in attempts to climb the mountain over different slopes.
[05:26.25]The Chinese made their first successful attempt in 1960.
[05:29.57]On May 25 of that year, Gongbu, Wang Fuzhou and Qu Yinhua reached the summit of Mount Qomolangma.
[05:35.34]As it was dark and they were unable to take photos to prove that they had reached the top,
[05:39.24]they left iron container with the national flag and a portrait of Chairman Mao Zedong.
[05:43.05]At the age of 25, Qu Yinhua was the youngest ever to have reached the summit

[05:44.33]On their return, they were praised as national heroes.
[05:47.31]On May 27, 1975, another Chinese team climbed Mount Qomolangma from its northern side.
[05:52.40]Over the past 40 years, 29 other Chinese people have climbed Mount Qomolangma successfully

1 curiosity   

n.好奇心，新奇的事物，珍品

参考例句：

• He gave in to curiosity and opened my letter.他抑制不住好奇心，拆开了我的信。
• The children are dying of curiosity to see what's in the parcel.孩子们出于好奇，迫不及待地想看看包裹中是什么东西。

2 foundation   

n.[pl.]地基；基础；基金会；建立，创办

参考例句：

• The foundation of the university took place 600 years ago.这所大学是600年前创办的。
• The Foundation gives money to help artists.那家基金会捐款帮助艺术家。

3 endeavor   

vt.／n.努力，尽力，尝试

参考例句：

• Thereupon,we knew,our endeavor was valuable.于是，我们知道，我们的努力是有价值的。
• We endeavor to make our customers satisfied.我们力图使顾客都满意。

4 ambassador   

n.大使，特使，（派驻国际组织的）代表

参考例句：

• He took up office as an ambassador for ten years continuously.他连任十年大使。
• The new ambassador is more mature than his predecessor.新大使比他的前任更成熟一些。

5 rhinoceros   

n.犀牛

参考例句：

• The rhinoceros has one horn on its nose.犀牛鼻子上有一个角。
• The body of the rhinoceros likes a cattle and the head likes a triangle.犀牛的形体像牛，头呈三角形。

6 ivory   

n.象牙，乳白色；adj.象牙制的，乳白色的

参考例句：

• My grandmother has some jewelry made of ivory.我祖母有一些象牙首饰。
• It is carved from ivory.它是用象牙雕成的。

7 meting   

v.（对某人）施以，给予（处罚等）( mete的现在分词 )

参考例句：

• The manager was strict and fair in meting out rewards and punishments. 经理赏罚严明。 来自互联网
• Doris Crockford. Mr. Potter. I can't believe I'm meting you at last. 我叫桃瑞丝。韦斯莱。波特先生。我真不敢相信，总算见到您了。 来自互联网

8 relic   

n.神圣的遗物，遗迹，纪念物

参考例句：

• This stone axe is a relic of ancient times.这石斧是古代的遗物。
• He found himself thinking of the man as a relic from the past.他把这个男人看成是过去时代的人物。

9 stature   

n.（高度）水平，（高度）境界，身高，身材

参考例句：

• He is five feet five inches in stature.他身高5英尺5英寸。
• The dress models are tall of stature.时装模特儿的身材都较高。

10 awareness   

n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智

参考例句：

• There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。
• Environmental awareness has increased over the years.这些年来人们的环境意识增强了。

11 accurate   

adj.正确无误的；准确的，精确的

参考例句：

• He has made an accurate measurement of my garden.他准确地丈量了我的花园。
• He is always accurate in what he says and does.他说的和做的总是正确无误。

12 coastal   

adj.海岸的，沿海的，沿岸的

参考例句：

• The ocean waves are slowly eating away the coastal rocks.大海的波浪慢慢地侵蚀着岸边的岩石。
• This country will fortify the coastal areas.该国将加强沿海地区的防御。

13 prospered   

成功，兴旺( prosper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The organization certainly prospered under his stewardship. 不可否认，这个组织在他的管理下兴旺了起来。
• Mr. Black prospered from his wise investments. 布莱克先生由于巧妙的投资赚了不少钱。

14 navy   

n.海军，海军人员，海军军力，藏青色

参考例句：

• My brother is in the navy.我兄弟在海军服役。
• He has transferred from the army to the navy.他从陆军转到海军。

15 fleet   

n.舰队；船队，机群

参考例句：

• He made his money with a fleet of moving vans.他靠一队家具搬运车赚钱。
• He was placed in command of the fleet.他被任命为舰队司令。

16 fleets   

n.舰队( fleet的名词复数 )；车队；捕鱼船队；（同一机构或统一调度的）机群

参考例句：

• The two fleets were standing off from each other. 这两个舰队互相保持一定距离。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• The two fleets pounded at each other. 两支舰队彼此猛轰。 来自《简明英汉词典》

17 renewed   

adj. 更新的，重建的，复兴的，重申的 动词renew的过去式和过去分词

参考例句：

• They regrouped their forces and renewed the attack. 他们重新聚集兵力，再次发动进攻。
• The army renewed its assault on the capital. 军队重新发动对首都的攻击。

18 ambassadors   

大使( ambassador的名词复数 )； （派驻联合国等国际组织的）代表； 特使； [比喻]使者

参考例句：

• Kennedy, greatly admiring, rated him very high among his ambassadors. 肯尼迪十分赏识他，在所有大使中对他评价很高。
• Many countries were represented by their ambassadors at the Independence Day celebrations. 庆祝美国独立纪念日时，许多国家都派其大使代表参加。

19 embassies   

n.大使馆( embassy的名词复数 )；大使馆全体成员

参考例句：

• The representatives of other countries have their embassies there. 许多国家都在此设有大使馆。 来自英语晨读30分（高二）
• Demonstrators protested outside the country's embassies all over Europe. 该国驻欧洲各国的大使馆外都有群众进行示威抗议。 来自辞典例句

20 symbolic   

adj.象征性的，符号的，象征主义的

参考例句：

• It is symbolic of the fighting spirit of modern womanhood.它象征着现代妇女的战斗精神。
• The Christian ceremony of baptism is a symbolic act.基督教的洗礼仪式是一种象征性的做法。

21 conquered   

攻克( conquer的过去式和过去分词 )； 征服； 破除； 克服

参考例句：

• The Normans conquered England in 1066. 诺曼人于1066年征服了英格兰。
• The mines were manned by forced labour from conquered countries. 这些矿由来自被征服国家的强制劳工开采。

22 mount   

n.山峰，乘用马，框，衬纸；vi.增长，骑上（马）；vt.提升，爬上，装备

参考例句：

• Their debts continued to mount up.他们的债务不断增加。
• She is the first woman who steps on the top of Mount Jolmo Lungma.她是第一个登上珠穆朗玛峰的女人。

23 accomplished   

adj.有才艺的；有造诣的；达到了的

参考例句：

• Thanks to your help,we accomplished the task ahead of schedule.亏得你们帮忙,我们才提前完成了任务。
• Removal of excess heat is accomplished by means of a radiator.通过散热器完成多余热量的排出。

24 dedication   

n.奉献，献身，致力，题献，献辞

参考例句：

• We admire her courage,compassion and dedication.我们钦佩她的勇气、爱心和奉献精神。
• Her dedication to her work was admirable.她对工作的奉献精神可钦可佩。

25 ideal   

adj.理想的，完美的；空想的，观念的；n.理想

参考例句：

• The weather at the seaside was ideal—bright and breezy.海边的天气最宜人，风和日丽的。
• They promised to be faithful to their ideal for ever. 他们保证永远忠于自己的理想。

26 technological   

adj.技术的；工艺的

参考例句：

• A successful company must keep up with the pace of technological change.一家成功的公司必须得跟上技术变革的步伐。
• Today,the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements.当今， 随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

27 summit   

n.最高点，峰顶；最高级会议；极点

参考例句：

• They climbed up the mountain and reached the summit.他们爬山，最终达到了山顶。
• The summit of the mountain is lost in the cloud and mist.山顶隐没在云雾之中。