新编大学英语听力3 unit12

[00:03.35]Public Speaking
[00:06.66]Part Two
[00:09.76]Listening-Centered Activities
[00:13.97]Listening 1
[00:17.24]Exercise 1
[00:20.95]Directions:
[00:24.41]Listen to the talk carefully and discuss with your neighbor
[00:30.49]to decide which of the following are the reasons the speaker cites
[00:35.68]to show the importance of posture¹ and body movements.
[00:40.82]As a speaker,
[00:43.96]you must be aware of your body as an important source of communication.
[00:50.18]In fact,
[00:53.17]the body is so expressive² in communicating ideas and feelings
[00:58.79]that many of our verbal expressions are based on descriptions of body movements.
[01:04.76]For example, a person who maintains a positive attitude in times of adversity
[01:11.78]is said to keep a "stiff upper lip".
[01:16.14]Someone in great suspense³ or suffering extreme anxiety
[01:21.07]is said to be "sitting on the edge of his seat".
[01:25.46]These figures of speech accurately⁴ describe the body movements
[01:31.37]of people in these situations.
[01:35.36]Our body movements
[01:39.25]and posture are closely related to our physical and emotional states.
[01:45.84]On the physical level, posture can reveal whether a person is tired,
[01:52.00]energetic or in pain. On an emotional level,
[01:59.34]posture also tells us something about a person's self-image.
[02:04.70]People with great self-confidence move about easily, stand up straight,
[02:11.29]and hold up their heads.
[02:15.40]Those individuals who are shy, ill at ease or ashamed of themselves
[02:21.70]are more likely to keep their heads and eyes lowered.
[02:27.06]A speaker's body movements and posture
[02:32.10]influence an audience's perceptions in many ways.
[02:37.50]In order to appear poised⁵ and confident, try standing⁶ comfortably "at ease",
[02:44.48]with your weight equally distributed over both feet.
[02:49.16]Find ways to make your body relax; if you are too stiff,
[02:55.36]the audience may begin to feel uncomfortable.
[02:60.00]At the other extreme, avoid leaning on the lectern,
[03:05.87]or standing with your weight distributed on one hip⁷ or the other.
[03:11.41]If your posture is too relaxed, you may be perceived as too casual.
[03:17.86]Exercis 2
[03:21.46]Directions:
[03:24.88]Listen to the talk again
[03:28.51]and complete the following sentences with the information you hear.
[03:34.67]Listening 2
[03:38.38]Exercise 1
[03:41.83]Directions:
[03:45.14]Listen to the talk and write down the guidelines for using humor in a speech.
[03:53.17]Compare your notes with your neighbor's afterward⁸.
[03:58.39]Humor can be very effective if used properly in a speech.
[04:04.51]Use the following guidelines:
[04:08.69]1.Make sure your material is funny. Rehearse your speech with a friend.
[04:16.46]Try to think as your audience thinks.
[04:21.29]2.Be original. Don't tell a joke or story the audience has already heard.
[04:29.89]Remember, a speech to entertain is not a comedy routine you decided⁹ to copy.
[04:37.24]3.Don't use private jokes.
[04:42.53]A private joke is a humorous remark that only a few people understand
[04:49.62]because they have private or personal information.
[04:54.84]The rest of the audience is left out.
[04:59.23]This type of humor is most appropriate when you're with a small group of friends.
[05:06.36]4.Pause for laughs.
[05:11.58]If you say something funny and immediately follow it with another comment,
[05:18.46]the members of the audience won't laugh. They'll be listening to your next comment.
[05:25.58]Effective use of pauses is part of comic timing¹⁰.
[05:32.57]5.Don't aim your humor at a single person.
[05:38.87]If you do, the audience will think you are sarcastic¹¹ and mean.
[05:44.77]While some good-natured jokes about others are fine,
[05:50.10]make sure they're few and good-na-tured.
[05:56.11]6.Above all, use humor that doesn't offend people.
[06:02.63]Never make jokes at another person's expense.
[06:07.56]Never use humor that makes an audience feel uncomfortable. If you suspect that a story

1 posture   

n.姿势，姿态，心态，态度；v.作出某种姿势

参考例句：

• The government adopted an uncompromising posture on the issue of independence.政府在独立这一问题上采取了毫不妥协的态度。
• He tore off his coat and assumed a fighting posture.他脱掉上衣，摆出一副打架的架势。

2 expressive   

adj.表现的，表达…的，富于表情的

参考例句：

• Black English can be more expressive than standard English.黑人所使用的英语可能比正式英语更有表现力。
• He had a mobile,expressive,animated face.他有一张多变的，富于表情的，生动活泼的脸。

3 suspense   

n.（对可能发生的事）紧张感，担心，挂虑

参考例句：

• The suspense was unbearable.这样提心吊胆的状况实在叫人受不了。
• The director used ingenious devices to keep the audience in suspense.导演用巧妙手法引起观众的悬念。

4 accurately   

adv.准确地，精确地

参考例句：

• It is hard to hit the ball accurately.准确地击中球很难。
• Now scientists can forecast the weather accurately.现在科学家们能准确地预报天气。

5 poised   

a.摆好姿势不动的

参考例句：

• The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop. 老鹰在半空中盘旋，准备俯冲。
• Tina was tense, her hand poised over the telephone. 蒂娜心情紧张，手悬在电话机上。

6 standing   

n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的

参考例句：

• After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
• They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

7 hip   

n.臀部，髋；屋脊

参考例句：

• The thigh bone is connected to the hip bone.股骨连着髋骨。
• The new coats blouse gracefully above the hip line.新外套在臀围线上优美地打着褶皱。

8 afterward   

adv.后来；以后

参考例句：

• Let's go to the theatre first and eat afterward. 让我们先去看戏，然后吃饭。
• Afterward,the boy became a very famous artist.后来，这男孩成为一个很有名的艺术家。

9 decided   

adj.决定了的，坚决的；明显的，明确的

参考例句：

• This gave them a decided advantage over their opponents.这使他们比对手具有明显的优势。
• There is a decided difference between British and Chinese way of greeting.英国人和中国人打招呼的方式有很明显的区别。

10 timing   

n.时间安排，时间选择

参考例句：

• The timing of the meeting is not convenient.会议的时间安排不合适。
• The timing of our statement is very opportune.我们发表声明选择的时机很恰当。

11 sarcastic   

adj.讥讽的，讽刺的，嘲弄的

参考例句：

• I squashed him with a sarcastic remark.我说了一句讽刺的话把他给镇住了。
• She poked fun at people's shortcomings with sarcastic remarks.她冷嘲热讽地拿别人的缺点开玩笑。