2015年经济学人 疑欧派 狡猾的计划

Eurosceptics

疑欧派

A cunning plan

狡猾的计划

Eurosceptics adopt an old Marxist technique

欧洲怀疑论者采用了古老的马克思主义技术

BRUSSELS-BASHING is never out of season in Britain, but the past few weeks have been unusually strenuous¹. On December 16th Theresa May, the home secretary, proposed capping the number of EU migrants entering Britain. On January 13th David Cameron, the prime minister, received a letter signed by 95 Tory MPs demanding a parliamentary right of veto over every piece of EU legislation. The next day Business for Britain, a Eurosceptic group, argued that only firms that export to other EU countries should be subject to common regulations.

“唱衰”布鲁塞尔的论调在英国永远不会过时，然而过去几星期的局势却有些不同寻常的紧张。12月16日，内政大臣特蕾莎·梅提议限制进入英国境内的欧盟移民数量。1月13日，大卫·卡梅伦首相收到了一封由95名保守党国会议员共同签署的谏言信，要求履行针对欧盟制定的每一条法律的议会否决权。隔日，一家疑欧派组织“商业英国”表示，只有出口至其他欧盟国家的企业才应该受到共同条令的规制。

Such proposals contradict the fundamental principles of the EU single market, which relies on free movement of people, common rules and a degree of pooled sovereignty. Undermine these and it will collapse², as other MPs, diplomats³ and Britain's reformist allies in the EU have warned. One Tory MP, close to despair, shakes his head at his colleagues' lack of realism. Do they really think they will get what they want?

以上这些提议无疑都与欧盟单一市场的基础原则相抵触，单一市场的形成既依赖于人员的自由流动以及共同规范的规制，又依赖于一定程度上的多个国家的联合主权的形成。正如其他国会议员，外交官以及英国在欧盟中的改革派盟友们所警告的一样，只要逐渐破坏这些因素，欧盟的单一市场最终就会瓦解。一位保守党议员因同僚们缺乏现实性的想法而几近绝望地摇了摇头。他们真的认为自己能够如愿以偿？

The answer, in some cases at least, is no. Outists seem to be adopting the old Marxist ploy⁴ of the transitional demand: requests that are likely to remain unfulfilled but help to expose the limitations of the prevailing⁵ order. The equivalent, for those agitating⁶ for Britain to leave the EU, is to call for the country to cherry-pick bits of EU membership—and, on failing, hail its ghastliness. Business for Britain, for example, accepts that Britain's partners will not agree to “unilateral opt-outs for British industries”—yet demands a series of such exemptions⁷. Senior Tory sources speculate that Ms May too knows that her immigration proposals would require Britain to leave the EU.

答案至少在某些情况下是“不”的。脱欧派们似乎要采取过去满足过渡时期需求的马克思主义策略：（人们的）要求虽然有可能一直实现不了但却有助于将地区主导秩序的缺陷暴露出来。对于那些鼓动英国脱离欧洲的人来说，这就等同于号召国家择优挑选少数欧盟成员国——当然如果失败的话，也会遭受灭顶之灾。例如，“商业英国”认同英国的盟友们是不会同意“英国产业的单方面选择退出”的观点——然而还是要求享有一系列诸如此类的豁免权。保守党高层消息人士推测梅女士也知晓她所谓的移民提案也会要求英国脱离欧盟。

Polls suggest that although voters are hostile to European immigration and rules, they are wary⁸ of renouncing⁹ the single market entirely¹⁰. Mr Cameron is committed to renegotiating Britain's EU membership, then putting it to a referendum. Though some Eurosceptic backbenchers scorn that plan in private, only the most rebellious¹¹ are willing to do so publicly. But by demanding impossible changes, those who want to leave can simultaneously¹² name-check the prime minister's plan, indicate their dissent¹³ and nudge ordinary Britons towards outism. This may be particularly useful for Tories positioning themselves for the next leadership contest. “Can Theresa May lead us out of the European Union?” asked one tabloid¹⁴, helpfully, in response to the home secretary's thoughts on immigration.

民意调查显示，尽管选民们反感欧洲移民以及欧盟规章，他们也在谨慎的考虑宣布放弃整个单一市场可能带来的损失。卡梅隆先生也致力于重新谈判英国的欧盟成员资格，打算随后再经由全民公投决定。虽然有部分疑欧派的后座议员私底下对卡梅隆的计划冷嘲热讽，但也只有最桀骜不羁的人才愿意公开反对了。然而，考虑到改变现状既是件苛求的事也不太可能，脱欧派们也同时提名首相的计划，指出他们的不满并推动舆论风向倒向自己这边。这也许会使保守党在下届党魁选举中占尽上风。“特蕾莎·梅可能带领我们脱离欧盟吗？”一家小报抛出这样的问题，有力的回应了内政大臣关于移民问题的政见。

Political leaders who want Britain to stay in the union must perform a delicate balancing act in response. Pooh-poohing outlandish demands would look patronising and unambitious. But echoing them would spook business. On January 15th Ford¹⁵, a carmaker, firmly advised against leaving the union. The same day George Osborne mounted the pro-membership tightrope¹⁶. In a good speech, the chancellor¹⁷ of the exchequer¹⁸ warned that Britain could leave the EU but prescribed mostly Europe-wide reforms to improve matters. It was a deft¹⁹ display. As the outist demands become noisier—and their impossibility more evident—he and Mr Cameron will have to perform it many more times.

亲欧派的政治领袖必须导演一出精美的与之相抗衡的戏以此作为回应。亲欧派们的要求古怪又令人瞧不起，看上去既屈尊俯就又毫无野心。但是一旦有一群人随之附和也能使商界震惊。1月15日，汽车制造商福特公司郑重地建议反对脱离欧盟。同一天，乔治·奥斯本扼紧了脱欧派的喉咙。这位财政大臣在一次精彩的演讲中发出了警告，英国是可以脱离欧盟的但仍然大多制定了欧洲范围内的改革措施来改善问题。这是灵活的一击。随着脱欧派间的争执越来越激烈并且其不可能性越来越明显，他和卡梅隆先生将不得不再多演几遍了。

1 strenuous   

adj.奋发的，使劲的；紧张的；热烈的，狂热的

参考例句：

• He made strenuous efforts to improve his reading. 他奋发努力提高阅读能力。
• You may run yourself down in this strenuous week.你可能会在这紧张的一周透支掉自己。

2 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

3 diplomats   

n.外交官( diplomat的名词复数 )；有手腕的人，善于交际的人

参考例句：

• These events led to the expulsion of senior diplomats from the country. 这些事件导致一些高级外交官被驱逐出境。
• The court has no jurisdiction over foreign diplomats living in this country. 法院对驻本国的外交官无裁判权。 来自《简明英汉词典》

4 ploy   

n.花招，手段

参考例句：

• I think this is just a government ploy to deceive the public.我认为这只是政府欺骗公众的手段。
• Christmas should be a time of excitement and wonder,not a cynical marketing ploy.圣诞节应该是兴奋和美妙的时刻，而不该是一种肆无忌惮的营销策略。

5 prevailing   

adj.盛行的；占优势的；主要的

参考例句：

• She wears a fashionable hair style prevailing in the city.她的发型是这个城市流行的款式。
• This reflects attitudes and values prevailing in society.这反映了社会上盛行的态度和价值观。

6 agitating   

搅动( agitate的现在分词 )； 激怒； 使焦虑不安； （尤指为法律、社会状况的改变而）激烈争论

参考例句：

• political groups agitating for social change 鼓吹社会变革的政治团体
• They are agitating to assert autonomy. 他们正在鼓吹实行自治。

7 exemptions   

n.（义务等的）免除( exemption的名词复数 )；免（税）；（收入中的）免税额

参考例句：

• The exemptions for interpretive rules, policy statements, and procedural rules have just been discussed. 有关解释性规则、政策说明和程序规则的免责我们刚刚讨论过。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
• A: The regulation outlines specific exemptions for some WPM. 答：该规定概述了某些木质包装材料的特定的例外情形。 来自互联网

8 wary   

adj.谨慎的，机警的，小心的

参考例句：

• He is wary of telling secrets to others.他谨防向他人泄露秘密。
• Paula frowned,suddenly wary.宝拉皱了皱眉头，突然警惕起来。

9 renouncing   

v.声明放弃( renounce的现在分词 )；宣布放弃；宣布与…决裂；宣布摒弃

参考例句：

• He enraged the government by renouncing the agreement. 他否认那项协议，从而激怒了政府。 来自辞典例句
• What do you get for renouncing Taiwan and embracing Beijing instead? 抛弃台湾，并转而拥抱北京之后，你会得到什么？ 来自互联网

10 entirely   

ad.全部地，完整地；完全地，彻底地

参考例句：

• The fire was entirely caused by their neglect of duty. 那场火灾完全是由于他们失职而引起的。
• His life was entirely given up to the educational work. 他的一生统统献给了教育工作。

11 rebellious   

adj.造反的，反抗的，难控制的

参考例句：

• They will be in danger if they are rebellious.如果他们造反，他们就要发生危险。
• Her reply was mild enough,but her thoughts were rebellious.她的回答虽然很温和，但她的心里十分反感。

12 simultaneously   

adv.同时发生地，同时进行地

参考例句：

• The radar beam can track a number of targets almost simultaneously.雷达波几乎可以同时追着多个目标。
• The Windows allow a computer user to execute multiple programs simultaneously.Windows允许计算机用户同时运行多个程序。

13 dissent   

n./v.不同意，持异议

参考例句：

• It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
• He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。

14 tabloid   

adj.轰动性的，庸俗的；n.小报，文摘

参考例句：

• He launched into a verbal assault on tabloid journalism.他口头对小报新闻进行了抨击。
• He believes that the tabloid press has behaved disgracefully.他认为小报媒体的行为不太光彩。

15 Ford   

n.浅滩，水浅可涉处；v.涉水，涉过

参考例句：

• They were guarding the bridge,so we forded the river.他们驻守在那座桥上，所以我们只能涉水过河。
• If you decide to ford a stream,be extremely careful.如果已决定要涉过小溪，必须极度小心。

16 tightrope   

n.绷紧的绳索或钢丝

参考例句：

• The audience held their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope.杂技演员走钢丝时，观众都屏住了呼吸。
• The tightrope walker kept her balance by holding up an umbrella.走钢丝的演员举着一把伞，保持身体的均衡。

17 chancellor   

n.(英)大臣；法官；(德、奥)总理；大学校长

参考例句：

• They submitted their reports to the Chancellor yesterday.他们昨天向财政大臣递交了报告。
• He was regarded as the most successful Chancellor of modern times.他被认为是现代最成功的财政大臣。

18 exchequer   

n.财政部；国库

参考例句：

• In Britain the Chancellor of the Exchequer deals with taxes and government spending.英国的财政大臣负责税务和政府的开支。
• This resulted in a considerable loss to the exchequer.这使国库遭受了重大损失。

19 deft   

adj.灵巧的，熟练的（a deft hand 能手）

参考例句：

• The pianist has deft fingers.钢琴家有灵巧的双手。
• This bird,sharp of eye and deft of beak,can accurately peck the flying insects in the air.这只鸟眼疾嘴快，能准确地把空中的飞虫啄住。