美国有线新闻 CNN 什么是vog?

 

Officials in Hawaii say 35 buildings, including at least 26 homes, have been destroyed in the latest eruption¹ of the Kilauea volcano. New fissures³ have formed in the ground, and though volcanic⁴ activity in these cracks slow down yesterday, scientists thought it was just a pause and that the eruption would continue.

夏威夷官员说，在基拉韦厄火山最近的一次喷发中，35座建筑，包括至少26座房屋被毁。新的裂缝已经形成，尽管昨天这些裂缝中的火山活动减缓，但科学家们认为这只是暂时的停顿，火山喷发还会继续。

Hundreds of people have been evacuated⁵ miles to the east of the volcano. Some have been able to go back home to get things like pets, medicine and important belongings⁶. Others have been warned to stay away as dangerous air and lava⁷ flow spread.

数百人被疏散到火山东部。有些人可以回家去买宠物、药品和重要物品。另一些人则被警告要远离危险的空气和熔岩流。

Scientists say there’s no way to stop lava. The only they’ve been able to do in the past is to divert it by spraying it with sea water. And because that just sends it in another direction, it’s not always a good option.

科学家表示没有办法阻止熔岩。他们过去唯一能做的就是用海水喷洒。因为那只是把熔岩发送到另一个方向，它并不总是一个好的选择。

There’s another danger to consider that people can’t always see.

还有另外一种人们无法见到的危险。

ALLISON CHINCHAR, CNN METEOROLOGIST: Volcanoes often conjure⁸ up images of lava and fire. But there’s a lasting⁹ impact that’s often ignored called vog or volcanic smog.

CNN 气象学家：火山经常会产生熔岩和造成火灾。但是有一种经常被忽视的持久的影响，叫做vog或称为火山烟雾。

So, what is vog?

什么是火山烟雾?

Vog is a form of air pollution. It’s made of carbon dioxide, water vapor¹⁰ and sulfur¹¹ dioxide. That last one being most important. That sulfur dioxide is released from the volcano and/or fissure² vents¹² and it reacts with the atmosphere. And within hours to days, it converts to very fine particles, which scatters¹³ sunlight, causing that visible haze¹⁴.

Vog是一种空气污染。它是由二氧化碳、水蒸气和二氧化硫构成的。最后一个是最重要的。二氧化硫从火山或裂缝喷口释放出来，与大气发生反应。在数小时内，它会转化成非常细的粒子，散射阳光，造成明显的雾霾。

Is vog dangerous?

vog危险吗?

Vog can be dangerous and can damage the environment, humans and animals. It affects humans by damaging the lungs, triggering headaches, watery¹⁵ eyes, sore throat and even breathing difficulties, even in people who have zero history of respiratory problems.

Vog很危险，会破坏环境，人类和动物。它会通过破坏肺部、引发头痛、流泪、喉咙痛甚至呼吸困难来影响人类，即使是那些没有呼吸系统疾病史的人也会诱发疾病。

What should you do if you encounter vog?

如果遇到vog，你应该怎么做?

It is advised to avoid vog by limiting your time outdoors. Additionally, if it rains and there is vog in the atmosphere, you need to very careful.

建议你不要在户外活动。另外，如果下雨，空气中存有vog，你需要非常小心。

Vog can cause something called acid rain. If that does happen, please stay indoors and once again avoid your exposure. In the event you do come in contact with acid rain, wash it off as soon as possible.

Vog会引起酸雨。如果发生这种情况，请待在室内，避免接触酸雨。如果你确实接触过酸雨，请尽快把它冲洗掉。

What are the long-term effects of vog?

vog的长期影响是什么?

Depending on the volcano and the location of the vog, it can be present for several weeks, meaning it could spread to more populated cities even hundreds of miles away.

根据火山和vog的位置，它可能会存在数周，这意味着可能会蔓延到数百英里之外的人口更密集的城市。

1 eruption   

n.火山爆发；（战争等）爆发；（疾病等）发作

参考例句：

• The temple was destroyed in the violent eruption of 1470 BC.庙宇在公元前1470年猛烈的火山爆发中摧毁了。
• The eruption of a volcano is spontaneous.火山的爆发是自发的。

2 fissure   

n.裂缝；裂伤

参考例句：

• Though we all got out to examine the fissure,he remained in the car.我们纷纷下车察看那个大裂缝，他却呆在车上。
• Ground fissure is the main geological disaster in Xi'an city construction.地裂缝是西安市主要的工程地质灾害问题。

3 fissures   

n.狭长裂缝或裂隙( fissure的名词复数 )；裂伤；分歧；分裂v.裂开( fissure的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Rising molten rock flows out on the ocean floor and caps the fissures, trapping the water. 上升熔岩流到海底并堵住了裂隙，结果把海水封在里面。 来自辞典例句
• The French have held two colloquia and an international symposium on rock fissures. 法国已经开了两次岩石裂缝方面的报告会和一个国际会议。 来自辞典例句

4 volcanic   

adj.火山的；象火山的；由火山引起的

参考例句：

• There have been several volcanic eruptions this year.今年火山爆发了好几次。
• Volcanic activity has created thermal springs and boiling mud pools.火山活动产生了温泉和沸腾的泥浆池。

5 evacuated   

撤退者的

参考例句：

• Police evacuated nearby buildings. 警方已将附近大楼的居民疏散。
• The fireman evacuated the guests from the burning hotel. 消防队员把客人们从燃烧着的旅馆中撤出来。

6 belongings   

n.私人物品，私人财物

参考例句：

• I put a few personal belongings in a bag.我把几件私人物品装进包中。
• Your personal belongings are not dutiable.个人物品不用纳税。

7 lava   

n.熔岩，火山岩

参考例句：

• The lava flowed down the sides of the volcano.熔岩沿火山坡面涌流而下。
• His anger spilled out like lava.他的愤怒像火山爆发似的迸发出来。

8 conjure   

v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法

参考例句：

• I conjure you not to betray me.我恳求你不要背弃我。
• I can't simply conjure up the money out of thin air.我是不能像变魔术似的把钱变来。

9 lasting   

adj.永久的，永恒的；vbl.持续，维持

参考例句：

• The lasting war debased the value of the dollar.持久的战争使美元贬值。
• We hope for a lasting settlement of all these troubles.我们希望这些纠纷能获得永久的解决。

10 vapor   

n.蒸汽，雾气

参考例句：

• The cold wind condenses vapor into rain.冷风使水蒸气凝结成雨。
• This new machine sometimes transpires a lot of hot vapor.这部机器有时排出大量的热气。

11 sulfur   

n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur）

参考例句：

• Sulfur emissions from steel mills become acid rain.炼钢厂排放出的硫形成了酸雨。
• Burning may produce sulfur oxides.燃烧可能会产生硫氧化物。

12 vents   

（气体、液体等进出的）孔、口( vent的名词复数 )； （鸟、鱼、爬行动物或小哺乳动物的）肛门； 大衣等的)衩口； 开衩

参考例句：

• He always vents his anger on the dog. 他总是拿狗出气。
• The Dandelion Patch is the least developed of the four active vents. “蒲公英区”在这四个活裂口中是发育最差的一个。

13 scatters   

v.（使）散开， （使）分散，驱散( scatter的第三人称单数 )；撒

参考例句：

• He scatters money about as if he were rich. 他四处挥霍，好像很有钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Truth raises against itself the storm that scatters its seeds broadcast. 真理引起了反对它自己的狂风骤雨，那场风雨吹散了真理的广播的种子。 来自辞典例句

14 haze   

n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊

参考例句：

• I couldn't see her through the haze of smoke.在烟雾弥漫中，我看不见她。
• He often lives in a haze of whisky.他常常是在威士忌的懵懂醉意中度过的。

15 watery   

adj.有水的，水汪汪的；湿的，湿润的

参考例句：

• In his watery eyes there is an expression of distrust.他那含泪的眼睛流露出惊惶失措的神情。
• Her eyes became watery because of the smoke.因为烟熏，她的双眼变得泪汪汪的。