2019年经济学人 一周要闻 美国去年GDP不达标 美国食药监局局长辞职 日产前董事长意外获保释

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Business

商业

Carlos Ghosn was released from detention¹ in Tokyo after posting bail² of ￥1bn ($9m). The sacked chairman of Nissan, Mitsubishi and Renault had been held in custody³ since mid-November on charges of financial wrongdoing at Nissan, which he denies. Under strict bail conditions, Mr Ghosn will stay at a house under 24-hour camera surveillance. He is not allowed to communicate with people over the internet.

卡洛斯·戈恩（Carlos Ghosn）在东京缴纳10亿日元(约900万美元)后获得保释。这位被解职的日产、三菱和雷诺董事长自去年11月中旬以来一直被拘留，他被控在日产存在财务违规行为，但他否认了这一指控。在严格的保释条件下，戈恩将呆在一所24小时被监控的房间内。他被禁止上网与任何人联络。

For personal reasons

个人原因

In an announcement that took Washington by surprise, Scott Gottlieb said he would resign as commissioner⁴ of the Food and Drug Administration. Mr Gottlieb had worked to speed up the approval of new drugs, but he was greatly disliked by the tobacco industry for his forceful attempt to halt the epidemic⁵ of teen vaping and proposal to ban menthol cigarettes. Before his resignation, conservative groups had been trying to halt his efforts to crack down on the vaping industry. Biotech stocks sank on the news, whereas tobacco stocks rose.

斯科特·戈特利布(Scott Gottlieb)在一份声明中表示，他将辞去美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)局长一职，这令华盛顿颇感意外。戈特利布曾努力推进新药物的批准流程，但他也因限制青少年吸电子烟而做出的强有力措施，以及提议禁止薄荷香烟受到烟草业的反感。在他辞职前，保守派组织一直试图阻止他打击电子烟行业的措施。受此消息影响，生物科技股下跌，而烟草股上涨。

The chief executive of Vale stepped down. Prosecutors⁶ had asked for his “temporary” suspension after the collapse⁷ of a dam in Brazil that held waste from one of Vale’s iron-ore mines, killing⁸ at least 186 people. Scores are still missing.

淡水河谷首席执行官辞职。巴西淡水河谷(Vale)一座铁矿的废料坝发生坍塌，造成至少186人死亡。在此之后，检察官曾要求对他进行“暂时”停职。仍有多人失踪。

Chevron⁹ and ExxonMobil significantly increased their production targets for shale¹⁰ oil in the Permian Basin, underlining how bigger oil companies are putting pressure on smaller independent firms that operate in the region. Chevron’s boss remarked that “the shale game has become a scale game.”

雪佛龙(Chevron)和埃克森美孚(ExxonMobil)大幅提高了二叠纪盆地页岩油的产量目标，此举突显出大型石油公司正对该地区运营的小型独立企业施压。雪佛龙的老板称:“页岩油开采已然成为一个规模游戏。”

The American economy grew by 2.9% in 2018, its best performance in three years. The surge in growth in the middle of the year, thanks in part to tax cuts, was offset¹² by decelerating consumer spending towards the end of the year.

2018年美国经济增长2.9%，是三年来最好的表现。一定程度上得益于减税政策，该国的经济在年中实现大幅增长，但接近年底时消费者支出的放缓，抵消了这一增长势头。

A slowdown in the fourth quarter hit South Africa’s economy, which grew by just 0.8% last year, well below the roughly 5% that is needed to make a dent¹¹ in an unemployment rate of 27%.

第四季度的经济放缓使南非经济受到打击，南非经济去年仅增长了0.8%，远低于降低27%的失业率所需的大约5%。

Mizuho, one of Japan’s biggest banks, booked a ￥680bn ($6.1bn) write-down. That was mostly because of restructuring costs, though Mizuho also lost money trading in foreign bonds, which many Japanese banks turned to in search of higher yields when interest rates turned negative at home.

作为日本最大的银行之一的瑞穗银行减记6800亿日元(61亿美元)。这主要是因为重组成本，不过瑞穗银行在外国债券交易中也出现了亏损。许多日本银行会在国内利率变为负值时，转向海外债券以寻求更高的收益率。

1 detention   

n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下

参考例句：

• He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
• He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。

2 bail   

v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人

参考例句：

• One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
• She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。

3 custody   

n.监护，照看，羁押，拘留

参考例句：

• He spent a week in custody on remand awaiting sentence.等候判决期间他被还押候审一个星期。
• He was taken into custody immediately after the robbery.抢劫案发生后，他立即被押了起来。

4 commissioner   

n.（政府厅、局、处等部门）专员，长官，委员

参考例句：

• The commissioner has issued a warrant for her arrest.专员发出了对她的逮捕令。
• He was tapped for police commissioner.他被任命为警务处长。

5 epidemic   

n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的

参考例句：

• That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
• The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

6 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

7 collapse   

vi.累倒；昏倒；倒塌；塌陷

参考例句：

• The country's economy is on the verge of collapse.国家的经济已到了崩溃的边缘。
• The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridge's collapse.工程师对桥的倒塌做了一次彻底的调查分析。

8 killing   

n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财

参考例句：

• Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
• Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。

9 chevron   

n.V形臂章；V形图案

参考例句：

• He wore shoulderstrap rank slides with sergeant's chevrons.他佩戴标示级别的肩章，上面有中士的V形标志。
• The chevron or arrow road sign indicates a sharp bend to the left or right.V形或箭头路标表示有向左或向右的急转弯。

10 shale   

n.页岩，泥板岩

参考例句：

• We can extract oil from shale.我们可以从页岩中提取石油。
• Most of the rock in this mountain is shale.这座山上大部分的岩石都是页岩。

11 dent   

n.凹痕，凹坑；初步进展

参考例句：

• I don't know how it came about but I've got a dent in the rear of my car.我不知道是怎么回事，但我的汽车后部有了一个凹痕。
• That dent is not big enough to be worth hammering out.那个凹陷不大，用不着把它锤平。

12 offset   

n.分支，补偿；v.抵消，补偿

参考例句：

• Their wage increases would be offset by higher prices.他们增加的工资会被物价上涨所抵消。
• He put up his prices to offset the increased cost of materials.他提高了售价以补偿材料成本的增加。