2019年经济学人 美联储拟建实时支付系统(2)

 

Third, it worries that a single service will create a "single point of failure". Doubling up will make the whole system safer.

第三，它担心单一服务将创造一个“单点故障”。增倍将使整个系统更加安全。

Big banks told the Fed, in a recent consultation¹, not to bother.

在近期的一次咨询中，大银行告诉Fed不用担心。

Even by considering its own system, it was delaying the adoption² of faster payments by more banks.

考虑到它自己的系统，它是在拖延更多银行采用更快的支付方式。

Randal Quarles, the Fed's vice-chair in charge of supervision³, evidently agrees.

Fed负责监管的副主席兰德尔·夸尔斯显然同意。

When the five governors on the Fed's board voted to back FedNow, he was the sole dissenter⁴.

当Fed董事会的5名董事投票支持FedNow时，他是唯一的反对者。

He said he saw no "strong justification⁵ for the Federal Reserve to…crowd out innovation when viable⁶ private-sector⁷ alternatives are available."

他表示自己没有看到“联邦储蓄...排挤创新的充分理由，更何况活跃的私营部门也有可行的替代方案。”

Smaller banks, which for years have been urging the Fed to build a system, are delighted to be promised a choice.

多年来一直渴望Fed建立一个系统的较小银行很高兴得到了一个选择的承诺。

"The private sector has a product but not the reach," says Cary Whaley of the Independent Community Bankers of America, a trade group.

“私营部门有产品，但没有影响力，”贸易组织美国独立社区银行家协会的卡里·沃利 表示。

"The public sector has all the reach but not yet the product."

“公共部门拥有足够的影响力，但还没有产品。”

(Most of America's 4,900 community banks have assets of less than $1bn; the country's biggest lenders weigh in at $2trn-plus.)

（美国4900家社区银行中，多数资产不足10亿美元；该国最大几家银行的市值超过2万亿美元。）

Aaron Klein of the Brookings Institution, a think-tank in Washington, argues that the Fed has not gone far enough.

华盛顿智囊团布鲁金斯学会的艾伦·克莱恩辩称Fed做得还不够。

Five years is too long to get its new system up and running, he says. Meanwhile, the banks will still be pulling in overdraft⁸ fees.

他表示，五年的时间对于建立并运营新系统而言太长了。与此同时，银行仍将收取透支费。

He adds that the Fed should also have obliged banks to let customers draw funds as soon as they are deposited.

他补充道，Fed也应该有责成银行，让客户在存款后立即提取资金。

Last month Chris Van Hollen, a Democratic congressman⁹, and Senator Elizabeth Warren,

上个月，民主党议员克里斯·范霍伦以及2020民主党总统候选人之一

one of the Democratic candidates for the presidency¹⁰ in 2020,

参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦

introduced a bill that would amend¹¹ the Expedited Funds Availability Act of 1987 to force banks to do just that.

提出一项议案，修订1987年的《加速资金到位法》以迫使银行这么做。

Time is money, goes the adage¹². That's even more true for struggling Americans than for rich ones.

俗话说，时间就是金钱。和富人相比，这对苦苦挣扎的美国人来说更是如此。

1 consultation   

n.咨询；商量；商议；会议

参考例句：

• The company has promised wide consultation on its expansion plans.该公司允诺就其扩展计划广泛征求意见。
• The scheme was developed in close consultation with the local community.该计划是在同当地社区密切磋商中逐渐形成的。

2 adoption   

n.采用，采纳，通过；收养

参考例句：

• An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
• The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。

3 supervision   

n.监督，管理

参考例句：

• The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
• The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。

4 dissenter   

n.反对者

参考例句：

• The role of the dissenter is not for the weak-kneed.反对者的角色不是软弱之人所能够担当的。
• The Party does not tolerate dissenters in its ranks.该政党不允许其成员中存在异见分子。

5 justification   

n.正当的理由；辩解的理由

参考例句：

• There's no justification for dividing the company into smaller units. 没有理由把公司划分成小单位。
• In the young there is a justification for this feeling. 在年轻人中有这种感觉是有理由的。

6 viable   

adj.可行的，切实可行的，能活下去的

参考例句：

• The scheme is economically viable.这个计划从经济效益来看是可行的。
• The economy of the country is not viable.这个国家经济是难以维持的。

7 sector   

n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形

参考例句：

• The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
• The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。

8 overdraft   

n.透支，透支额

参考例句：

• Her bank warned that unless she repaid the overdraft she could face legal action.银行警告她如果不偿还透支钱款，她将面临诉讼。
• An overdraft results when a note discounted at a bank is not met when due.银行贴现的支票到期而未能支付就成为透支。

9 Congressman   

n.（美）国会议员

参考例句：

• He related several anecdotes about his first years as a congressman.他讲述自己初任议员那几年的几则轶事。
• The congressman is meditating a reply to his critics.这位国会议员正在考虑给他的批评者一个答复。

10 presidency   

n.总统(校长，总经理)的职位(任期)

参考例句：

• Roosevelt was elected four times to the presidency of the United States.罗斯福连续当选四届美国总统。
• Two candidates are emerging as contestants for the presidency.两位候选人最终成为总统职位竞争者。

11 amend   

vt.修改，修订，改进；n.[pl.]赔罪，赔偿

参考例句：

• The teacher advised him to amend his way of living.老师劝他改变生活方式。
• You must amend your pronunciation.你必须改正你的发音。

12 adage   

n.格言，古训

参考例句：

• But the old adage that men grow into office has not proved true in my experience.但是，根据我的经验，人们所谓的工作岗位造就人材这句古话并不正确。
• Her experience lends credence to the adage " We live and learn!"她的经验印证了一句格言: 活到老，学到老！