2019年经济学人 一周要闻 特朗普解雇博尔顿 沙特石油设施遇袭 以色列大选难分伯仲

 

The world this week

本周要闻

Politics

政治

Donald Trump¹ said he would impose fresh sanctions on Iran following an audacious missile and drone attack on two oil facilities in Saudi Arabia: the Abqaiq crude-processing plant, the biggest of its kind in the world, and the Khurais oilfield. Claims by Houthi rebels in Yemen that they staged the attack were dismissed by American and Saudi officials. The Houthis are backed by Iran in a proxy² war fighting a Saudi-led coalition³. Iran insists it was not responsible for the strike.

美国总统特朗普表示，他将对伊朗实施新的制裁。此前，沙特两处石油设施——全球最大的Abqaiq原油加工厂和Khurais油田遭到公然的导弹和无人机袭击。也门胡塞叛军声称发动了袭击，但这一说法遭到美国和沙特官员否认。胡塞武装在与沙特领导的联盟进行的代理人战争中获得伊朗的支持。伊朗坚称对此次袭击事件没有责任。

Israel’s general election, the second this year, produced no clear result. Binyamin Netanyahu’s Likud coalition lost seats, so he will struggle to remain prime minister. The centrist Blue and White party, led by Benny Gantz, a former general, is now the largest in the Knesset but will need the support of other parties to form a government, which could take months.

以色列今年的第二次大选没有产生明显的结果。本雅明·内塔尼亚胡领导的利库德集团(Likud)联盟失去了席位，因此他将难以继续担任总理。由前将军本尼·甘茨(Benny Gantz)领导的中间派蓝白党(Blue and White party)目前是议会中最大的党派，但该党组建政府仍需要其他党派的支持，而这可能需要数月时间。

The first round of Tunisia’s presidential election narrowed the field to two contenders: Kais Saied, a conservative law professor, and Nabil Karoui, a wealthy populist who is in jail on tax-evasion charges and has been described as the Tunisian Berlusconi. Turnout was a mere⁴ 45%. Disappointed liberals lament⁵ that the run-off later this month will be a race between the Godfather and the Terminator.

突尼斯第一轮总统选举的候选人范围缩小至两名候选人:保守派法学教授凯伊斯·赛义德(Kais Saied)和富有的民粹主义者纳比尔·卡鲁伊(Nabil Karoui)，后者因逃税指控入狱，被称为突尼斯的贝卢斯科尼(Berlusconi)。投票率只有45%。失望的自由派人士哀叹，本月晚些时候的决选将是教父与终结者之间的较量。

Prosecutors⁶ at the International Criminal Court have appealed against the acquittal of Laurent Gbagbo, a former president of Ivory Coast, on charges of crimes against humanity. The charges are related to a disputed election in 2010 in which Mr Gbagbo refused to accept he had lost. About 3,000 people died in the subsequent violence.

国际刑事法庭检察官对科特迪瓦前总统洛朗·巴博(Laurent Gbagbo)被判反人类罪无罪一案提出上诉。这些指控与2010年的一场有争议的选举有关，当时巴博拒绝承认落选。大约3000人在随后的暴力事件中丧生。

A fire at a boarding school near Monrovia, the capital of Liberia, killed at least 27 people.

利比里亚首都蒙罗维亚附近一所寄宿学校发生火灾，造成至少27人死亡。

The fourth man

四度换将

Donald Trump named Robert O’Brien as his fourth national security adviser⁷, replacing John Bolton. Mr O’Brien is the State Department’s hostage negotiator, working to free American captives in countries such as North Korea and Yemen. He is the author of “While America Slept: Restoring American Leadership to a World in Crisis”.

特朗普任命罗伯特·奥布莱恩取代约翰·博尔顿，担任其第四任国家安全顾问。奥布莱恩是美国国务院的人质谈判特使，致力于解救朝鲜和也门等国的美国人质。他是《美国沉睡时:在危机中的世界恢复美国领导》一书的作者。

Mr Trump said that his administration would abrogate⁸ California’s laws on car emissions⁹, which set higher standards than federal rules, “in order to produce far less expensive cars for the consumer”. Regulators have often griped that the state dictates¹⁰ rules for the country as a whole. California vowed¹¹ to fight the administration all the way to the Supreme¹² Court.

特朗普表示，他的政府将废除加州关于汽车排放的法律，该法律设定的标准高于联邦法规，“目的是为消费者生产更便宜的汽车”。监管机构经常从国家整体考虑而控制各州制定的规定。加州誓与政府斗争到底，一路诉至最高法院。

The big smoke

浓烟弥漫

Fires raging in the forests of Borneo and Sumatra blanketed South-East Asia in a thick haze¹³. Indonesia deployed¹⁴ more than 9,000 people to fight them, but the unusually dry conditions hampered¹⁵ their efforts.

大火在婆罗洲和苏门答腊岛的森林中肆虐，整个东南亚都被笼罩在浓烟中。印尼部署了9000多人参与灭火，但异常干燥的天气导致他们的救火行动一再受阻。

1 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

2 proxy   

n.代理权，代表权；（对代理人的）委托书；代理人

参考例句：

• You may appoint a proxy to vote for you.你可以委托他人代你投票。
• We enclose a form of proxy for use at the Annual General Meeting.我们附上委任年度大会代表的表格。

3 coalition   

n.结合体，同盟，结合，联合

参考例句：

• The several parties formed a coalition.这几个政党组成了政治联盟。
• Coalition forces take great care to avoid civilian casualties.联盟军队竭尽全力避免造成平民伤亡。

4 mere   

adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过

参考例句：

• That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
• It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。

5 lament   

n.悲叹，悔恨，恸哭；v.哀悼，悔恨，悲叹

参考例句：

• Her face showed lament.她的脸上露出悲伤的样子。
• We lament the dead.我们哀悼死者。

6 prosecutors   

检举人( prosecutor的名词复数 )； 告发人； 起诉人； 公诉人

参考例句：

• In some places,public prosecutors are elected rather than appointed. 在有些地方，检察官是经选举而非任命产生的。 来自口语例句
• You've been summoned to the Prosecutors' Office, 2 days later. 你在两天以后被宣到了检察官的办公室。

7 adviser   

n.劝告者，顾问

参考例句：

• They employed me as an adviser.他们聘请我当顾问。
• Our department has engaged a foreign teacher as phonetic adviser.我们系已经聘请了一位外籍老师作为语音顾问。

8 abrogate   

v.废止，废除

参考例句：

• When can we abrogate the national boundaries all over the world?什么时候可以在全球取消国界？
• A government may abrogate any unfair treaties.政府可以取消任何不公平的条约。

9 emissions   

排放物( emission的名词复数 )； 散发物（尤指气体）

参考例句：

• Most scientists accept that climate change is linked to carbon emissions. 大多数科学家都相信气候变化与排放的含碳气体有关。
• Dangerous emissions radiate from plutonium. 危险的辐射物从钚放散出来。

10 dictates   

n.命令，规定，要求( dictate的名词复数 )v.大声讲或读( dictate的第三人称单数 )；口授；支配；摆布

参考例句：

• Convention dictates that a minister should resign in such a situation. 依照常规部长在这种情况下应该辞职。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• He always follows the dictates of common sense. 他总是按常识行事。 来自《简明英汉词典》

11 vowed   

起誓，发誓（vow的过去式与过去分词形式）

参考例句：

• He vowed quite solemnly that he would carry out his promise. 他非常庄严地发誓要实现他的诺言。
• I vowed to do more of the cooking myself. 我发誓自己要多动手做饭。

12 supreme   

adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的

参考例句：

• It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
• He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。

13 haze   

n.霾，烟雾；懵懂，迷糊；vi.(over)变模糊

参考例句：

• I couldn't see her through the haze of smoke.在烟雾弥漫中，我看不见她。
• He often lives in a haze of whisky.他常常是在威士忌的懵懂醉意中度过的。

14 deployed   

（尤指军事行动）使展开( deploy的过去式和过去分词 )； 施展； 部署； 有效地利用

参考例句：

• Tanks have been deployed all along the front line. 沿整个前线已部署了坦克。
• The artillery was deployed to bear on the fort. 火炮是对着那个碉堡部署的。

15 hampered   

妨碍，束缚，限制( hamper的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• The search was hampered by appalling weather conditions. 恶劣的天气妨碍了搜寻工作。
• So thought every harassed, hampered, respectable boy in St. Petersburg. 圣彼德堡镇的那些受折磨、受拘束的体面孩子们个个都是这么想的。