2020年经济学人 数字金融服务如何掠夺穷人(2)

Indeed, in financial services the implicit¹ sale of personal data is seen as a way in which the poor can be "levelled up".

确实，在金融服务业，隐性出售个人数据被视为“拉平”穷人的一种方式。

With low, unreliable incomes and few assets, they have been unable to borrow formally.

由于收入低、不可靠、资产少，他们一直无法正常借款。

Now lenders are learning to rely on other data to make credit judgments², notably³ payment records,

现在，贷款方正在学习依靠其他数据来做出信用判断，尤其是支付记录，

such as from a mobile-money account, which can show a history of reliability⁴.

比如移动货币账户，它可以显示可靠性的历史。

But such data can also be abused. Predatory lenders and vendors⁵ might learn when a costly⁶ loan or product would be hard to refuse.

但这些数据也可能被滥用。当一笔昂贵的贷款或产品难以拒绝时，掠夺性的贷款方和供应商可能会从中吸取教训。

Or an algorithm might (by design or accident) be biased⁷ against certain borrowers because, say, of their race or creed⁹.

或者某种算法可能（出于故意或偶然）对某些借款人有偏见，因为他们的种族或信仰。

CGAP makes three policy recommendations. The first is to accept that the "consumer-consent" model is irretrievably broken,

CGAP提出了三项政策建议。首先，要接受“消费者同意”模式已经不可挽回地被打破的事实，

and to put the onus¹⁰ for looking after the data on the service-provider.

并将管理数据的责任推给服务提供商。

The second is to give consumers full legal rights over their data, allowing them to view, correct and move them without charge.

第二，赋予消费者对其数据的完全合法权利，允许他们免费查看、更正和移动数据。

The third is to appoint "privacy representatives", who, among other tasks, would check algorithms for signs of bias⁸.

第三是任命“隐私代表”，他们的任务之一就是检查算法是否存在偏见。

Many countries, from America to India, are looking at improving data-protection regulation.

很多国家，如美国和印度，都在考虑改善数据保护法规。

But CGAP's suggestions seem very ambitious. "Free" financial services,

但是CGAP的建议似乎很有野心。“免费”金融服务

such as those offered already by the Chinese giants, Ant Financial and WeChat, have an obvious appeal.

如蚂蚁金服和微信等中国巨头推出的产品，显然具有吸引力。

It is often assumed that the poor are relaxed about surrendering some privacy in return for access to borrowing and other services.

人们通常认为，穷人不介意为了获得贷款和其他服务而放弃一些隐私。

In fact, concern about privacy is not a preserve of the rich.

事实上，关注隐私不是富人的专利。

Research in India and Kenya has shown that even very poor borrowers would be willing to pay a higher interest rate—

印度和肯尼亚的研究表明即便是非常贫穷的借款人都愿意支付更高的利率——

or join a much slower queue—for a loan that came with more guarantees

或是排长队——获取更有保障的贷款

that the data provided to the lender would be kept private.

并且向贷款人提供的数据将被保密。

Persuading the tech giants that improved data security for the poor is in their business interests might be the best hope.

让科技巨头相信，改善穷人的数据安全符合他们的商业利益，或许是最好的希望。

But that will take a lot more work.

但这将需要更多的努力。

1 implicit   

a.暗示的，含蓄的，不明晰的，绝对的

参考例句：

• A soldier must give implicit obedience to his officers. 士兵必须绝对服从他的长官。
• Her silence gave implicit consent. 她的沉默表示默许。

2 judgments   

判断( judgment的名词复数 )； 鉴定； 评价； 审判

参考例句：

• A peculiar austerity marked his judgments of modern life. 他对现代生活的批评带着一种特殊的苛刻。
• He is swift with his judgments. 他判断迅速。

3 notably   

adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地

参考例句：

• Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
• A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。

4 reliability   

n.可靠性，确实性

参考例句：

• We mustn't presume too much upon the reliability of such sources.我们不应过分指望这类消息来源的可靠性。
• I can assure you of the reliability of the information.我向你保证这消息可靠。

5 vendors   

n.摊贩( vendor的名词复数 )；小贩；（房屋等的）卖主；卖方

参考例句：

• The vendors were gazundered at the last minute. 卖主在最后一刻被要求降低房价。
• At the same time, interface standards also benefIt'software vendors. 同时，界面标准也有利于软件开发商。 来自About Face 3交互设计精髓

6 costly   

adj.昂贵的，价值高的，豪华的

参考例句：

• It must be very costly to keep up a house like this.维修这么一幢房子一定很昂贵。
• This dictionary is very useful,only it is a bit costly.这本词典很有用，左不过贵了些。

7 biased   

a.有偏见的

参考例句：

• a school biased towards music and art 一所偏重音乐和艺术的学校
• The Methods: They employed were heavily biased in the gentry's favour. 他们采用的方法严重偏袒中上阶级。

8 bias   

n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见

参考例句：

• They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
• He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。

9 creed   

n.信条；信念，纲领

参考例句：

• They offended against every article of his creed.他们触犯了他的每一条戒律。
• Our creed has always been that business is business.我们的信条一直是公私分明。

10 onus   

n.负担；责任

参考例句：

• The onus is on government departments to show cause why information cannot bedisclosed.政府部门有责任说明不能把信息公开的理由。
• The onus of proof lies with you.你有责任提供证据。