2020年经济学人 国际货币基金组织:结构性调整(2)

In her first speech as the fund's chief,

在她就任基金总裁的首次演讲中，

she called for governments to enact¹ domestic reforms that achieve "stronger and more resilient growth",

她呼吁政府实施国内改革，实现“更强劲、更有弹性的增长”，

and for those with remaining fiscal² firepower to deploy³ it.

并呼吁那些拥有剩余财政火力的国家进行部署。

She has promised to collaborate⁴ more with the World Bank, particularly regarding countries that have received the fund's help.

她承诺和世界银行展开更多的合作，特别是那些接受了该基金帮助的国家。

Ms Georgieva may want to remove the impression that the MF cares only about restoring stability

格奥尔基耶娃可能想要消除IMF只关心为危机深重的国家恢复稳定，

to crisis-ridden countries at the expense of jobs and growth.

而不惜牺牲就业和经济增长的这样一种印象。

It is hardly unusual for new bosses to make management changes, including at the fund.

新上任的总裁进行管理上的变革，包括在基金组织，这并不罕见。

It could benefit from a shake-up that flattens⁵ its hierarchical management structure. Its policies could also be improved.

这种做法可能会受益于一场使其层级管理结构扁平化的改革。其政策可能也会得到改善。

Its programmes sometimes crimp growth, such that countries miss its rosy⁶ GDP forecasts.

它的项目有时会阻碍经济增长，以至于一些国家错过了它乐观的GDP预测。

Its engagement with fragile states can be lacklustre.

它与脆弱国家的接触可能毫无生气。

The risk, though, is that Ms Georgieva's reforms backfire.

但风险在于，格奥尔基耶娃的改革可能会适得其反。

If she wants the most able staff to work on fragile states, she will have to butter them up.

如果她想让最有能力的员工为脆弱的国家工作，她将不得不讨好他们。

Mr Lipton's departure means one fewer set of capable hands to help in a crisis.

利普顿的离开意味着在危机中少了一批有能力的帮手。

Some fear that without him there will be an increase in "clientitis"— country directors being too soft when demanding reforms.

一些人担心，没有了他，“客户倾向”可能会增加——国家管理者在要求改革时过于软弱。

One near-term challenge is Argentina, the recipient⁷ of the fund's biggest ever loan.

近期面临的一个挑战就是阿根廷，IMF有史以来最大一笔贷款的接受国。

On February 12th fund officials began talks with the government, which is seeking to restructure its debt.

2月12日，基金开始和该国政府谈判，后者正寻求重组其债务。

There are also concerns that Mr Lipton might be replaced by someone less capable.

还有人担心，利普顿可能会被能力不足的人取代。

The Trump⁸ administration has resisted the idea that Mr Lipton's job be abolished altogether.

特朗普政府一直反对废除利普顿的职位。

It is floating the name of Geoffrey Okamoto, an acting⁹ assistant secretary of the Treasury¹⁰, as a potential replacement¹¹.

传言称财政部代理助理部长杰弗里·冈本可能接替这一职位。

For Ms Georgieva's strategy to work, she needs someone pliable¹² in the role.

格奥尔基耶娃的策略要想起作用，她就需要一个能适应这个角色的人。

But if they are too weak, the institution could eventually suffer.

但如果他们过于脆弱，该机构最终可能会遭殃。

Ms Georgieva still needs to convince some fund-watchers that she is updating its mission not diluting¹³ it.

格奥尔基耶娃仍需要说服一些基金监管者，她是在更新其使命，而不是稀释它。

New ambitions require resources—or a sense of which old tasks will be cut to make way for new ones.

新的抱负需要资源——或者要意识到为了给新任务开路，哪些旧的任务将被砍掉。

Structural¹⁴ reforms need not do damage. But they should be enacted¹⁵ with care.

结构性改革不一定会造成损害，但应该小心执行。

1 enact   

vt.制定(法律)；上演，扮演

参考例句：

• The U.S. Congress has exclusive authority to enact federal legislation.美国国会是唯一有权颁布联邦法律的。
• For example,a country can enact laws and economic policies to attract foreign investment fairly quickly.例如一个国家可以很快颁布吸引外资的法令和经济政策。

2 fiscal   

adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的

参考例句：

• The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
• The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。

3 deploy   

v.（军）散开成战斗队形，布置，展开

参考例句：

• The infantry began to deploy at dawn.步兵黎明时开始进入战斗位置。
• The president said he had no intention of deploying ground troops.总统称并不打算部署地面部队。

4 collaborate   

vi.协作，合作；协调

参考例句：

• The work gets done more quickly when we collaborate.我们一旦合作，工作做起来就更快了。
• I would ask you to collaborate with us in this work.我们愿意请你们在这项工作中和我们合作。

5 flattens   

变平，使（某物）变平( flatten的第三人称单数 )； 彻底打败某人，使丢脸； 停止增长（或上升）； （把身体或身体部位）紧贴…

参考例句：

• After Oxford the countryside flattens out. 过了牛津以远乡村逐渐平坦。
• The graph flattens out gradually after a steep fall. 图表上的曲线突降之后逐渐趋于平稳。

6 rosy   

adj.美好的，乐观的，玫瑰色的

参考例句：

• She got a new job and her life looks rosy.她找到一份新工作，生活看上去很美好。
• She always takes a rosy view of life.她总是对生活持乐观态度。

7 recipient   

a.接受的,感受性强的 n.接受者,感受者,容器

参考例句：

• Please check that you have a valid email certificate for each recipient. 请检查是否对每个接收者都有有效的电子邮件证书。
• Colombia is the biggest U . S aid recipient in Latin America. 哥伦比亚是美国在拉丁美洲最大的援助对象。

8 trump   

n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭

参考例句：

• He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
• The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。

9 acting   

n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的

参考例句：

• Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
• During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。

10 treasury   

n.宝库；国库，金库；文库

参考例句：

• The Treasury was opposed in principle to the proposals.财政部原则上反对这些提案。
• This book is a treasury of useful information.这本书是有价值的信息宝库。

11 replacement   

n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品

参考例句：

• We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。
• They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。

12 pliable   

adj.易受影响的；易弯的；柔顺的，易驾驭的

参考例句：

• Willow twigs are pliable.柳条很软。
• The finely twined baskets are made with young,pliable spruce roots.这些编织精美的篮子是用柔韧的云杉嫩树根编成的。

13 diluting   

稀释，冲淡( dilute的现在分词 )； 削弱，使降低效果

参考例句：

• A companion would have been a distraction, diluting the pathos of the moment. 要是有一个伴侣在旁就会分散我的注意，冲淡此时此刻的哀婉之情。
• Diluting agent has certain transparency for ink multi-color overprint. 冲淡剂具有必定的透明量，适分油不朱的众色叠印。

14 structural   

adj.构造的，组织的，建筑（用）的

参考例句：

• The storm caused no structural damage.风暴没有造成建筑结构方面的破坏。
• The North American continent is made up of three great structural entities.北美大陆是由三个构造单元组成的。

15 enacted   

制定（法律），通过（法案）( enact的过去式和过去分词 )

参考例句：

• legislation enacted by parliament 由议会通过的法律
• Outside in the little lobby another scene was begin enacted. 外面的小休息室里又是另一番景象。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹