2020年经济学人 巴托比职场专栏--年轻人的工作偏好和就业市场不匹配(3)

Things are even worse in technology. In Britain only one in ?ve computer-science university students is a woman—a big problem at a time when the World Economic Forum¹ predicts that technology will create more than a quarter of all jobs in newly emerging professions. But women are underrepresented in some important ?elds of technology; they have only 12% of jobs in cloud computing², for example. Something about the tech industry puts o? female applicants³.

科技行业的情况更糟。世界经济论坛预测，在英国的新兴职业中，技术将创造超过四分之一的就业岗位，而只有五分之一的计算机科学大学生是女性，这是个大问题。而在一些重要的技术领域，女性的比例偏低；例如，只有12%女性的工作在云计算领域。科技行业的某些东西让女性申请者望而却步。

Women play a much bigger role in the health- and social-care sectors⁴, which are also poised⁵ for expansion. The bls forecasts that eight of the 12 fastest-growing jobs in America over the next few years will be in those areas, with roles ranging from occupational-therapy assistants to genetic⁶ counsellors. The snag is that some of these jobs are not very well paid. Home-health and personal-care aides (with the third- and fourth-fastest growth rates, respectively) had median annual salaries in 2018 of just over $24,000.

妇女在保健和社会保健部门发挥更大的作用，这些部门也准备扩大。劳工统计局预测，未来几年美国12个增长最快的工作中有8个将属于这些领域，从职业治疗助理到基因顾问。问题是，其中一些工作的薪水并不高。家庭健康和个人护理助理(增长率分别位居第三和第四)2018年的平均年薪略高于2.4万美元。

Some jobs in health care are extremely lucrative⁷, of course. But another gender⁸ imbalance emerges here: women make up only one-third of American health-care executives. In contrast, they tend to dominate the poorly paid social-care workforce⁹. In Britain 83% of social-care workers are female. That suggests men shun¹⁰ the ?eld, perhaps because they do not perceive caring to be a masculine trait.

当然，医疗行业的一些工作薪水丰厚。但这里出现了另一种性别失衡：医疗行业高管中女性的比例仅为三分之一。相比之下，低收入的社会护理劳动力则更多为女性。在英国，83%的社会福利工作者是女性。这表明男性回避这个领域，也许是因为男性认为护理工作太不具有男性特征了。

The biggest problem in the labour market, then, may not be that teenagers are focusing on a few well-known jobs. It could be a mismatch: not enough talented women move into technology and not enough men take jobs in social care. Any economist¹¹ will recognise this as an ine?cient use of resources. Wherever the root of the problem lies—be it the education system, government policy or corporate¹² recruiting practices—it needs to be identi?ed and ?xed.

因此，劳动力市场的最大问题可能不是青少年专注于一些众所周知的工作。这可能是一种错位：没有足够多的有才华的女性进入科技行业，也没有足够多的男性从事社会福利工作。任何经济学家都会认识到，这是一种对资源的低效利用。无论问题的根源在哪里——无论是教育体系、政府政策还是企业招聘实践——都需要加以识别和修正。

1 forum   

n.论坛，讨论会

参考例句：

• They're holding a forum on new ways of teaching history.他们正在举行历史教学讨论会。
• The organisation would provide a forum where problems could be discussed.这个组织将提供一个可以讨论问题的平台。

2 computing   

n.计算

参考例句：

• to work in computing 从事信息处理
• Back in the dark ages of computing, in about 1980, they started a software company. 早在计算机尚未普及的时代（约1980年），他们就创办了软件公司。

3 applicants   

申请人，求职人( applicant的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• There were over 500 applicants for the job. 有500多人申请这份工作。
• He was impressed by the high calibre of applicants for the job. 求职人员出色的能力给他留下了深刻印象。

4 sectors   

n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形

参考例句：

• Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

5 poised   

a.摆好姿势不动的

参考例句：

• The hawk poised in mid-air ready to swoop. 老鹰在半空中盘旋，准备俯冲。
• Tina was tense, her hand poised over the telephone. 蒂娜心情紧张，手悬在电话机上。

6 genetic   

adj.遗传的，遗传学的

参考例句：

• It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
• Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。

7 lucrative   

adj.赚钱的，可获利的

参考例句：

• He decided to turn his hobby into a lucrative sideline.他决定把自己的爱好变成赚钱的副业。
• It was not a lucrative profession.那是一个没有多少油水的职业。

8 gender   

n.（生理上的）性，（名词、代词等的）性

参考例句：

• French differs from English in having gender for all nouns.法语不同于英语，所有的名词都有性。
• Women are sometimes denied opportunities solely because of their gender.妇女有时仅仅因为性别而无法获得种种机会。

9 workforce   

n.劳动大军，劳动力

参考例句：

• A large part of the workforce is employed in agriculture.劳动人口中一大部分受雇于农业。
• A quarter of the local workforce is unemployed.本地劳动力中有四分之一失业。

10 shun   

vt.避开，回避，避免

参考例句：

• Materialists face truth,whereas idealists shun it.唯物主义者面向真理，唯心主义者则逃避真理。
• This extremist organization has shunned conventional politics.这个极端主义组织有意避开了传统政治。

11 economist   

n.经济学家，经济专家，节俭的人

参考例句：

• He cast a professional economist's eyes on the problem.他以经济学行家的眼光审视这个问题。
• He's an economist who thinks he knows all the answers.他是个经济学家，自以为什么都懂。

12 corporate   

adj.共同的，全体的；公司的，企业的

参考例句：

• This is our corporate responsibility.这是我们共同的责任。
• His corporate's life will be as short as a rabbit's tail.他的公司的寿命是兔子尾巴长不了。