2020年经济学人 《第七封印》影评--意愿与恩惠(1)

Books & arts

文艺板块

Home entertainment

家庭娱乐专栏

Pandemic cinema

疫情影院

Will and grace

意愿与恩惠

Ingmar Bergman’s contemplation of plague and death is life-enhancing

英格玛·伯格曼对瘟疫与死亡的思考增益人生。

The inspirationfor one of the most legendary¹ (and parodied) images in world cinema lies a half-hour’s drive north of Stockholm, up near the ceiling of a small medieval church. A fresco² shows a ghoulish skeleton and a young man, dressed in a green robe and a brown hat, hovering³ over a large chessboard. The mural at the Taby church was painted in the 1480s. It came to life nearly five centuries later, when it led Ingmar Bergman, the Swedish director, to cast Max von Sydow as Antonius Block, a troubled knight⁴, and to pit him against Death in a chess match.

世界电影史上最具传奇色彩（也是戏仿）的一张影像的灵感，来源于一座中世纪小教堂的穹顶壁画，这座小教堂在斯德哥尔摩以北半小时车程。在这幅壁画中，有一具可怕的骷髅和一个身穿绿色长袍、头戴棕色帽子的年轻人，他们正在一个大棋盘上下棋周旋。塔比教堂的这幅壁画创作于15世纪80年代。在接近5个世纪之后，这幅壁画才变得活跃起来，当时瑞典导演英格玛·伯格曼执导了一部影片，马克斯·冯·西在其中担任主演，饰演一位麻烦重重的骑士安东尼乌斯·布洛克，电影讲述了他与死神摆下一盘生死棋局的故事。

dscn5960.jpg

Death is everywhere in Bergman’s “The Seventh Seal”. It rages in the Holy Land, where Block and his squire⁵ Jons have spent years as Crusaders, and back home in Sweden, where the bubonic plague has started to spread. Before it takes him, Block wants to understand whether his life has made any sense, and what might await in the hereafter. To do so he needs time, and to have time he needs to play for it.

在伯格曼导演的《第七封印》中，死亡无处不在。布洛克和他的随从作为十字军，在圣地征战多年，在那里，死亡肆虐，之后他们返回家乡瑞典，而黑死病开始在瑞典蔓延。在死神夺走布洛克的性命之前，他很想搞明白自己的生命是否有意义，以及未来会发生什么。为了弄清楚这一切，他需要时间，在拥有时间的同时，还需要为之努力。

Between the chess game to which Block challenges the grim reaper⁶, the ethereal expression fixed⁷ on his face throughout the film, and the backdrop of disease, “The Seventh Seal” can seem unbearably⁸ heavy, especially during today’s pandemic. Block cannot come to terms with God’s silence. He yearns⁹ to have faith in faith, and not in the facile kind either. He scoffs¹⁰ at the monks¹¹ who claim that the plague is divine punishment, and pities the penitent¹² zealots, with their crosses and relics¹³, whipping themselves senseless with scourges¹⁴.

在这场对弈中，布洛克挑战冷酷的死神，影片中他脸上的表情虚无缥缈，再搭配黑死病的背景，让《第七封印》这部电影十分压抑，让人不堪忍受，特别是针对现在的疫情期间。布洛克无法接受上帝的沉默。他渴望笃信信仰，而不是轻率地相信。他嘲笑那些声称文艺是神罚的僧侣，怜悯那些忏悔狂热者，他们拿着十字架和生物，用鞭子抽打自己却毫无知觉。

1 legendary   

adj.传奇（中）的，闻名遐迩的；n.传奇（文学）

参考例句：

• Legendary stories are passed down from parents to children.传奇故事是由父母传给孩子们的。
• Odysseus was a legendary Greek hero.奥狄修斯是传说中的希腊英雄。

2 fresco   

n.壁画；vt.作壁画于

参考例句：

• This huge fresco is extremely clear and just like nature itself.It is very harmonious.这一巨幅壁画，清晰有致且又浑然天成，十分和谐。
• So it is quite necessary to study the influence of visual thinking over fresco.因此，研究视觉思维对壁画的影响和作用是十分必要的。

3 hovering   

鸟( hover的现在分词 )； 靠近（某事物）； （人）徘徊； 犹豫

参考例句：

• The helicopter was hovering about 100 metres above the pad. 直升机在离发射台一百米的上空盘旋。
• I'm hovering between the concert and the play tonight. 我犹豫不决今晚是听音乐会还是看戏。

4 knight   

n.骑士，武士；爵士

参考例句：

• He was made an honourary knight.他被授予荣誉爵士称号。
• A knight rode on his richly caparisoned steed.一个骑士骑在装饰华丽的马上。

5 squire   

n.护卫, 侍从, 乡绅

参考例句：

• I told him the squire was the most liberal of men.我告诉他乡绅是世界上最宽宏大量的人。
• The squire was hard at work at Bristol.乡绅在布里斯托尔热衷于他的工作。

6 reaper   

n.收割者，收割机

参考例句：

• The painting is organized about a young reaper enjoying his noonday rest.这幅画的画面设计成一个年轻的割禾人在午间休息。
• A rabbit got caught in the blades of the reaper.一只兔子被卷到收割机的刀刃中去了。

7 fixed   

adj.固定的，不变的，准备好的；(计算机)固定的

参考例句：

• Have you two fixed on a date for the wedding yet?你们俩选定婚期了吗？
• Once the aim is fixed,we should not change it arbitrarily.目标一旦确定，我们就不应该随意改变。

8 unbearably   

adv.不能忍受地，无法容忍地；慌

参考例句：

• It was unbearably hot in the car. 汽车里热得难以忍受。 来自《简明英汉词典》
• She found it unbearably painful to speak. 她发现开口说话痛苦得令人难以承受。 来自《简明英汉词典》

9 yearns   

渴望，切盼，向往( yearn的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• Every man yearns for sympathy in sorrow. 每个遇到不幸的人都渴望得到同情。
• What I dread is to get into a rut. One yearns for freshness of thought and ideas. 我害怕的就是墨守成规。人总是向往新思想和新观念的。

10 scoffs   

嘲笑，嘲弄( scoff的第三人称单数 )

参考例句：

• [ Scoffs ] Why should a young girl like that love an old fart like me? 为什么一个那样的年轻女孩应该喜欢我这样的老家伙？
• The noise of the moment scoffs at the music of the Eternal. 瞬刻的喧声，讥笑着永恒的音乐。

11 monks   

n.修道士，僧侣( monk的名词复数 )

参考例句：

• The monks lived a very ascetic life. 僧侣过着很清苦的生活。
• He had been trained rigorously by the monks. 他接受过修道士的严格训练。 来自《简明英汉词典》

12 penitent   

adj.后悔的；n.后悔者；忏悔者

参考例句：

• They all appeared very penitent,and begged hard for their lives.他们一个个表示悔罪，苦苦地哀求饶命。
• She is deeply penitent.她深感愧疚。

13 relics   

[pl.］n.遗物，遗迹，遗产；遗体，尸骸

参考例句：

• The area is a treasure house of archaeological relics. 这个地区是古文物遗迹的宝库。
• Xi'an is an ancient city full of treasures and saintly relics. 西安是一个有很多宝藏和神圣的遗物的古老城市。

14 scourges   

带来灾难的人或东西，祸害( scourge的名词复数 )； 鞭子

参考例句：

• Textile workers suffer from three scourges -- noise, dust and humidity. 纱厂工人的三大威胁，就是音响、尘埃和湿气。 来自汉英文学 - 现代散文
• Believe, if Internet remains great scourges, also won't have present dimensions. 相信，如果互联网仍然是洪水猛兽，也不会有现在的规模。