美国国家公共电台 NPR--Mammograms should start at age 40, U.S. panel recommends

Mammograms should start at age 40, U.S. panel recommends

Transcript¹

A federal task force is recommending that women at average risk for breast cancer get a mammogram every other year starting at age 40.

STEVE INSKEEP, HOST:

A new breast cancer screening recommendation says women should start getting mammograms at age 40. NPR's Allison Aubrey reports.

ALLISON AUBREY, BYLINE²: For years, there's been some confusion about when to initiate³ breast cancer screening. The leading group of obstetricians and gynecologists has long advised women to start at age 40. But that conflicted with the advice from the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force to start by age 50. Now there's a growing consensus⁴ that 40 is the time to start. Here's Dr. Carol Mangione of UCLA, who is coauthor of the new recommendation.

CAROL MANGIONE: New and more inclusive science has allowed us to expand our prior recommendation and encourage all women to get screenings starting at the age of 40 every other year.

AUBREY: Mangione says in recent years, there's been a steady uptick in breast cancer among women in their 40s. So rather than telling women in their 40s to consider a mammogram, going forward, the message will be more clear.

MANGIONE: We want to come out with a strong message that all women should really start screening at 40.

AUBREY: The new recommendation applies to people at average risk of developing breast cancer, which is still the second leading cause of cancer death among women. About 42,000 women and 500 men die from breast cancer each year. And Black women who get breast cancer are 40% more likely to die from the disease. Dr. Yolanda Tammaro, a breast surgeon at Hackensack Meridian⁵ Health, says early detection can help save lives.

YOLANDA TAMMARO: We know that when we can detect breast cancer at its earliest stages, we have our highest rates of cure. So I think this is certainly a step in the right direction.

AUBREY: It's estimated that if all women followed the screening recommendations, it could prevent about 8,000 deaths a year. Dr. Tammaro says she recommends annual mammograms, which is in line with the American College of Radiology recommendation. But Dr. Mangione says after careful review, weighing benefits and risks, the task force came to a different conclusion.

MANGIONE: We found that every other year was the optimal⁶ strategy.

AUBREY: The draft recommendation is open for public comment until June 5. At that point, the task force will consider all comments as it makes its final recommendation.

Allison Aubrey, NPR News.

1 transcript   

n.抄本，誊本，副本，肄业证书

参考例句：

• A transcript of the tapes was presented as evidence in court.一份录音带的文字本作为证据被呈交法庭。
• They wouldn't let me have a transcript of the interview.他们拒绝给我一份采访的文字整理稿。

2 byline   

n.署名；v.署名

参考例句：

• His byline was absent as well.他的署名也不见了。
• We wish to thank the author of this article which carries no byline.我们要感谢这篇文章的那位没有署名的作者。

3 initiate   

vt.开始，创始，发动；启蒙，使入门；引入

参考例句：

• A language teacher should initiate pupils into the elements of grammar.语言老师应该把基本语法教给学生。
• They wanted to initiate a discussion on economics.他们想启动一次经济学讨论。

4 consensus   

n.(意见等的)一致，一致同意，共识

参考例句：

• Can we reach a consensus on this issue?我们能在这个问题上取得一致意见吗？
• What is the consensus of opinion at the afternoon meeting?下午会议上一致的意见是什么？

5 meridian   

adj.子午线的；全盛期的

参考例句：

• All places on the same meridian have the same longitude.在同一子午线上的地方都有相同的经度。
• He is now at the meridian of his intellectual power.他现在正值智力全盛期。

6 optimal   

adj.最适宜的；最理想的；最令人满意的

参考例句：

• What is the optimal mix of private and public property rights in natural resources?私人和国家的自然资源产权的最适宜的组合是什么？
• Optimal path planning is a key link for the sailing contest.帆船最优行驶路径规划是帆船比赛取胜的关键环节。